Developing a Holistic Resolution Framework to Address the Conflict in South, Central Somalia
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Date
2018-03
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Tangaza University College
Abstract
Since 1991, Somalia has been in a state of conflict, particularly in the South and Central regions. Several attempts to reconstruct the state have failed and the current African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) peace process is not guaranteed to succeed either. The multi–dimensionality of intractable conflicts requires that interveners understand the system of conflicts from various perspectives and approach it comprehensively. This study was guided by three objectives: First, to establish the underlying causes of the conflict particularly in South and Central Somali through an analysis. Second, through study and review of literature to explore and determine appropriate measures to address the issues underlying and driving the conflict, and lastly, to develop a suitable conflict resolution framework that will address the conflict in a holistic manner. The research was conducted in parts of South, and Central Somalia experiencing the conflict. The research has adopted two theories related to conflict. These are Karl Marx’s theory of conflict and Morton Devesch theory of conflict resolution which recognizes the existence of opposing forces in society due to competing interests. The guiding theory of Devesch adapted by this research contends that conflict resolution factors such as goals, aims and issues are pivotal in determining the success of the resolution mechanisms adopted by negotiators. A descriptive research design with a qualitative approach was used in the study. The target group for this study included elected persons from groups deemed to be directly involved and affected by the conflict such as leaders at all levels, Somali elders, religious leaders, women, the youth and the security agencies involved in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The research used a non –probability sampling technique which sought to involve a number of respondents that form a fair representation of the people affected by the conflict and those involved in its resolutions. Data collected was analysed qualitatively to generate information on the respondents view on key issues addressed. The study found that the conventional method of resolving conflict in a Politico-Security fashion was inadequate in addressing some fundamental issues. It was therefore necessary to adopt a more holistic approach to address most of the issues. The framework designed to address the issues combined peace research theory and peace practice by practitioners who must work together in the resolution process. The research further emphasizes the need for close coordination and synchronization of activities in time and space to ensure success. More research is therefore recommended in the area of coordination of the resolution process.
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Keywords
Holistic Resolution, Framework, Conflict, Somalia