Institute of Youth Studies
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- ItemAdverse Childhood Experiences and associated correlates among Adolescents at a Rural Private High School in Kenya(Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 2020) Mutamba, EverlyneThe study’s aim was to examine the relationship between ACEs and associated correlates among adolescents at a rural private high school in Kenya. An analytical cross-section research design was used, 595 adolescents aged between 13-18 years were selected. Stratified random and simple random sampling method were used in attaining the sample size. Socio-demographic questionnaires, the ten-short version of ACE and Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaires were used in data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compute data. Bivariate analysis using chi square found that ACEs were significantly associated with emotional and behavioural problems and this was statistically significant at P<0.05. Multivariate analysis revealed that form one and two students were at higher risk of having ACEs. Higher ACEs risk was also found among children living in single parent family organization. Being Muslim, exhibiting normal emotional and peer problems were found to be protective factors as they were associated with lower levels of ACEs. This study was limited to one sub county school and therefore the study findings cannot be generalised to the whole country. Future studies can target students from high economic backgrounds, urban areas to assess the prevalence of ACEs and impacts on its associated correlates.
- ItemRelationship between Gambling Addiction and Violent Behaviour among University Students in Lang’ata Constituency(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2020) Muthenya, Kimau Fidelis; Kagwe, Dr. Cosmas; Pinto, Dr. HubertGambling addiction is unhealthy betting that could result in problematic behaviour and experience of serious multiple problems. Historically, betting is inherently an acceptable recreational activity across human societies. Betting has become a way of life and especially among university students in Kenya. The study examined the relationship between gambling addiction and violent behaviour among university students in Lang'ata Constituency, Nairobi County. The target population was 20,700 university students. The sample size was 393 students. Skinner's Theory of Learning was used in understanding the relationship between types of gambling, prevalence of gambling, risk factors of gambling, coping strategies, and violent behaviour among university students. Correlational research design was used. Stratified random sampling was used in identifying the sample size. Descriptive statistics was used in analysing descriptive data. Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, ANOVA and Regression Analysis were used in inferring results of the study. The response rate was 99.4%. Explanatory variables explained 73.7% of variation in violent behaviour among university students while 26.3% of variation in violence could be attributed to other factors outside the scope of this study. All independent variables have statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable hence they were retained in the final model. The resulting hypothesis affirms the relationship between gambling addiction and violent behaviour among university students. To investigate causality of betting addiction and violent behaviour among students, experimental design may be appropriate in future studies. Future studies may consider triangulating numerical and non-numerical data in investigating the relationship between betting addiction and violent behaviour among university students. Insufficient betting infrastructure was abetting betting in learning institutions in Kenya hence the need to enact policies that promote healthy betting practices.
- ItemSeverity of Depression and Its Association with Spiritual Coping among Consecrated Religious in the Catholic Diocese of Mtwara, Tanzania(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES, 2020-02) Tumaini, William J.; Njiru, Dr. Lucy M.; Kitonga, Dr. DanielThe World Health Organization considers depression as one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Even though studies in many parts of the world have reported an association between depression and spiritual coping, limited studies have been conducted among consecrated religious. The present cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the severity of depression and its association with spiritual coping among consecrated religious in the Catholic Diocese of Mtwara, Tanzania. Convenience sampling was used to obtain 192 participants. Self-report questionnaires which included Brief Religious/Spiritual Coping scale and Becks Depression Inventory-II scale were used to measure spiritual coping and depression respectively. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 48.5% of the participants had clinical. Also, the results shown an association between depression and negative spiritual coping (p=0.051).
- ItemInfluence of Psychological Demands on Job Satisfaction among the Employees of the National Hospital Insurance Fund in Kenya(Editon Consortium Journal of Psychology, Guidance, and Counseling (ECJPGC), 2020-07) Mureithi, Reginah Wanjira; Njiru, Dr. Lucyhe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of psychosocial demands factors on job satisfaction among employees at the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) in Kenya. Psychological demands refer to job aspects that are physical, social, or organizational that required for physical and psychological effort to be sustained. A descriptive research design was adopted and all the 1918 employees at NHIF were targeted for this study. A stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain 330 respondents from the study population. To collect primary data on psychological demand, the study used the demand-control-support questionnaire while job satisfaction was measured using the Warr-Cook-Wall questionnaire. While 330 questionnaires were distributed, only 301 questionnaires were duly filled and returned. Descriptive and inferential statistics encapsulated the data analysis and the results were presented in the form of tables. Analysis of the data was done through the use of SPSS version 24. The findings of the study showed that psychological demand had a statistically significant influence on job satisfaction at NHIF Kenya (p<0.05). The study recommends the need to reduce psychological demands at NHIF Kenya as well as ensure that the reduction of conflicting demands at the place of work. For future researchers, the study recommends that a similar study be conducted in other public sector organizations in Kenya. The results of this study add to the body of knowledge on psychological demand and job satisfaction.
- ItemRelationship between Aggression and Recidivism among Emerging Male Adults at Kamiti Medium Prison, Nairobi County, Kenya(IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2020-09) Avosa, Rose Agonya; Njiru, Student; Lucy; Tucholski, Henry K.Despite scholarly attention to „prisoner‟ reentry, much remains unknown on successful transition from „prison‟ to society due to high recidivism rate. The study was a cross sectional quantitative research design. It employed probability sampling techniques to identify the study sample of n=294. The study was guided by General strain Theory by Agnew and Social Control Theory by Gottfredson and Hirschi. Data was collected using Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and a self-developed questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson‟s r coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between aggression and recidivism (r = 0.243, p< 0.5, n = 294). The t-test results of a high value of 22.798 indicated a significant difference on the mean of the current and original study. Linear regression results; β = .243, t = 1.783, p < .005, indicated the beta factor of the study was significantly different from 0 at β .243 and said to significantly predict the outcome; increasing aggression, increased recidivism. The linear regression descriptive statistics‟ mean of 2.93 rounded to 3 for recidivism variable indicated that on average, inmates at Kamiti Prison would be re-incarcerated 3 times in their lifetime. The finding should inform Counselors and psychotherapists on the implication of aggression for designing helping strategies.
- Itemffect of Psychological Counselling on Self Acceptance Among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Mathare Constituency, Nairobi County(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2022-10-11) Mwaura, Mary Wambui; Tucholski, Dr. Henry; Kagwe, Dr. Cosmas; Gichuki, Dr. RoseAbstract: The study sought to establish the effect of psychological counselling on self-acceptance among persons living with HIV & AIDs in Mathare constituency, Nairobi County. A descriptive research design was used in this study. Approximately, 16,600 people living with HIV & AIDS were targeted in Mathare Constituency, Nairobi County. This study sampled 278 PLWH. The sample size was determined using simple random sampling and stratified sampling techniques. A response rate of 91.4% was recorded in the study. Lux and Petosa's attitude scale, Genberg's discrimination scale, and Dunn's self-acceptance scale were the instruments of measure used to collect data. SPSS was used to analyse quantitative data. It was found that PLWH in the Mathare constituency had the same right to quality care as any other patient 24.9% (n=63). Additionally, 20.0% or 51 respondents reported that advice given during counselling helped them accept themselves. Also, all three demographic factors (age, gender, and education level) are significant predictors of self acceptance among people living with HIV/AIDS. Persons living with HIV & AIDS must find strategies to maintain a positive attitude in order to live a healthy life by embracing their current circumstance and learning to live with it. To improve self acceptance, the approach and drivers for positivity should be developed so that all people living with HIV & AIDS embrace a positive attitude toward their circumstance. The study finds that counsellors who work with people living with HIV & AIDS in Nairobi County's Mathare constituency should engage in psychological counselling intervention methods.