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Relationship between Self-care Practices and Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth among Counsellors in Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Tangaza University, 2023-12) Joyce Waweru
Vicarious posttraumatic growth in the counselling professionals remains an attractive aspect of research and practice because it influences the quality of services that counsellors deliver. Self-care practices have been fronted to enable counsellors achieve vicarious posttraumatic growth. However, there is paucity of empirical research on the relationship between self-care practices and vicarious posttraumatic growth. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Self-care practices and vicarious posttraumatic growth among counsellors in Nairobi County. Theories underpinnings the study included Linley and Josephs’ organismic valuing theory and Orem’s theory of self-care. The study was quantitative, and adopted a correlational survey design. A proportionate sample size of 306 participants was determined using Yamane’s formulae, providing for 10% attrition. Data was collected using two standardized scales: the Self-Care Assessment Worksheet and the vicarious posttraumatic growth inventory. Data collected was coded and entered into the SPSS version 25 to generate frequencies, percentages, means, standards deviations, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and significance values. In regard to objective one, the results showed those whose self-care practices were balanced was at 48% as opposed to imbalanced at 52%, this shows lower levels of self-care practices. On second objective, findings indicated high level of VPTG among respondents slightly higher at 52.5% compared to moderate and low levels, indicating a higher number of counsellors had experienced VPTG in their work. Regarding third objective, an overall two-tailed test showed there is a significant relationship between self-care practices and vicarious posttraumatic growth among the respondents. Predictive relationship established that practicing balanced self-care had a 1.73 times likelihood to experiencing higher levels of VPTG. The study made recommendations on how to achieve balanced self-care practices to optimize VPTG. Further recommendations were made for policies that provide for active participation of counselling professionals in essential self-care practices to accelerate their posttraumatic growth.
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Relationship Between WhatsApp Use and WhatsApp Use Anxiety Among Students in Mixed Day Secondary Schools – Kamenu Ward Thika, Kenya
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2024-09-24) Jacinta Mary Ondeng
WhatsApp is a platform where interactions take place among people, information is conveyed and socialization occurs with the help of the WhatsApp application. This study investigated the relationship between WhatsApp use and WhatsApp use anxiety among student in Mixed Day Secondary Schools in Kamenu ward Thika, Kenya. The study utilized three objectives which were; to examine what extent are WhatsApp use levels among students, to measure the levels of WhatsApp use anxiety among students, and to establish the relationship between WhatsApp use and WhatsApp use anxiety among students in Mixed Day Secondary Schools in Kamenu ward Thika, Kenya. The study was informed by Cognitive Behavior Theory and Use and Gratification Theory. A correlation survey design was employed. The sample size was 328 calculated using the Krejcie and Morgan formula. The students were ages between 14-20 years. Data was collected using WhatsApp Use Scale and WhatsApp Use Anxiety Scale. The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 26 was used to conduct the analysis. Data was analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (the Pearson’s product moment). Findings revealed that 83.2% of the students scored high level of WhatsApp use, while 0.3 % in Mixed Day Secondary Schools in Kamenu ward Thika Kenya, had low level of WhatsApp Usage. It was also found that 80.8% of students reported severe WhatsApp Use anxiety and 2.1% had moderate level of WhatsApp Use anxiety. The study established that there was a significant relationship between WhatsApp Use and WhatsApp Use Anxiety among students in mixed day secondary schools in Kamenu ward Thika, Kenya (r = .369**; P = .000, ≤ 0.05). The study recommended that the school administration in mixed day secondary schools to place stringent strategies to stop use of phones in schools and educate students on positive use of WhatsApp. There is need to engage psychological counselling to help curb the excessive use of WhatsApp on phones. This will facilitate more effective strategy in helping the students on the use of WhatsApp that may not be pathological.
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Women Offenders in Kenya: Addressing the Psychological Needs Towards Effective Rehabilitation
(International Journal of Social and Development Concerns, 2025-02-01) Jacinta Mary Ondeng
Women offenders unique psychological needs explaining their offending behaviors. Understanding their needs ensures effective rehabilitation. This study sought to find out the psychological needs of women prisoners in Kenya. Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) Model for Offender Rehabilitation and Relational Theory of Women’s Psychological Development informed the study. The study adopted cross-sectional and descriptive research designs, employing mixed concurrent triangulation method of data collection. The target population included all convicted women within the 17 prisons in Kenya. A sample of 350 women participated in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics method while textual thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The study revealed that majority of women offenders’ criminal behaviors was influenced by: histories of physical abuse- 46.8% in childhood and 51.3% in adulthood; post-traumatic stress disorder indicated 78.95%. Parental distress due to financial constraint was 62.6% and 87% were constantly worried about their children’s future. Understanding these needs influence effective rehabilitation.
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Gender Responsive Programming Towards the Promotion of Women’s Mental Well-being
(Archives of Women Health and Care, 2023-10-10) Jacinta Mary Ondeng
The world of health policy and public health considers the health of women an important topic of focus, and in most cases links the well-being of women to that of children and the family, and, legitimately, to the health of society overall. Moreover over the emphasis is more given to maternal and child health. This perspective is true and well-founded given that women's health is well documented to promotion of the general health of family and everyone in society. The researcher, however notes the otherwise limitation in promoting the general wellbeing of women across the divides in the society.
Women offenders fall among the special population groups in our society with dire need for attention towards their overall well-being. Unfortunately, very few studies have focused on who they are and reasons for their incarceration. In fact, the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model of offender rehabilitation [1] that has dominated rehabilitation programs globally in the last two decades provides the impression that reasons for criminality in women offenders are similar to those of their male counterparts, but the limited studies on incarceration of women has noted the assumption as erroneous. Thus, globally, the focus of rehabilitation programs for women offenders has often mirrored that of male offenders [2,3].
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Gender-Responsive Programing in Kenya: Time is Ripe
(Women & Criminal Justice, 2020-09-29) Jacinta Mary Ondeng
Globally, gender responsive programming has become a concern for researchers and practitioners alike. Such programs address issues that may hinder offenders’ reentry. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs that address the psychological needs of women prisoners in Kenya. The relational theory of women’s psychological development and the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model were used to analyze inmate programs in Kenya’s 17 women’s prisons. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 350 participants within the prisons to ask about the programs offered. We found that there is a lack of gender responsive programming in Kenya’s women’s prison, and the rehabilitation programs that are offered within the Kenyan prison system are not effectively addressing women offenders’ unique psychological needs, which contributed to their criminal behaviors.