Tangaza University Digital Repository
Preserving and promoting the intellectual and cultural heritage of Tangaza University.
The Tangaza Digital Repository is an open-access platform dedicated to the management and dissemination of scholarly research, including:
- Academic Research: Theses, dissertations, and faculty publications.
- Institutional Heritage: Multimedia resources, datasets, and archives.
- Global Access: Fully optimized for Google Scholar and international OAI-PMH harvesting.
- Permanent Records: Trusted identifiers ensuring your research is citable and accessible forever.
By hosting your work here, you contribute to a global community of scholarship and ensure the long-term visibility of African academic excellence.
Recent Submissions
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEM, DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLAR SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2025-10) Esther Kahinga
This study examined how the entrepreneurship ecosystem and dynamic capabilities affect the sustainability of Solar Social Enterprises (SSEs) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to explore how government support and dynamic capabilities affect the sustainability of SSEs in Nairobi County; to explore how financing and dynamic capabilities affect the sustainability of SSEs in Nairobi County; and to examine how support services and dynamic capabilities affect the sustainability of SSEs in Nairobi County. The study fills a knowledge gap on how three domains of the entrepreneurship ecosystem affect the sustainability of SSEs. The study was guided by the theories of structural functionalism, economic development and dynamic capabilities. On the research design, the study was situated in the social constructivist worldview, focused on a case study of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Nairobi, and used qualitative methods. An exploratory approach was used because of limited literature on the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kenya. Theoretical sampling was used to determine the study sample. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 20 founders and managers of SSEs with head offices in Nairobi, until saturation was reached. Validity and reliability were achieved by collecting additional data from news articles, websites and reports. Reflexivity was employed so that the role of the researcher was taken into consideration during data collection and interpretation. Data coding and analysis was done using NVivo 15 software and followed the Gioia methodology. Responses from SSE managers were grouped into first order categories, then developed into second level themes. The themes were generated from going back and forth between the first order categories and existing literature. The themes were further developed into aggregate dimensions. The analysis resulted in a data structure and finally a grounded theory model. The findings showed that, Nairobi’s entrepreneurship ecosystem has supportive but inconsistent policies, difficulties accessing financing and the relevance of support services determines their utilization. The themes on how SSEs use dynamic capabilities were networking and monitoring opportunities, mobilizing resources, seizing and transforming agility, evolving consumer finance and diversification of products and services. The study extends the theory of dynamic capabilities by revealing how SSE managers and founders use entrepreneurial alertness, resource orchestration and strategic agility to navigate a constrained entrepreneurship ecosystem. Lastly, the study found that all three resource providers, that is, government support, financiers and support services contributed to the sustainability of SSEs and social transformation for marginalized communities.
Reimagining Education Pathways: Homeschooling, Innovation and Future-Ready Learning in Kenya
(IntechOpen Limited, 2026) Dr. Cecilia Osyanju Namuyemba
Homeschooling has become a popular alternative to traditional schooling in Kenya, thereby having a big impact on access to higher education, sustainability, and on preparing students for the future. This chapter draws on a study of homeschooling parents, a homeschool graduate, a tutor, and an education advocate in Kenya. The study found that homeschooling is a valid and innovative way of learning that aligns with Kenya’s Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). The study found that homeschooling gives learners control over their education, is flexible with the curriculum has holistic assessment, and helps in transition to higher education. However, homeschooling families in Kenya face challenges because the current laws and policies do not fully recognize home-based education. This makes it hard for them to access higher education. The study suggests that the government should change its policies to recognize homeschooling as a legitimate way of learning by; updating the Basic Education Act and working with higher education institutions to make sure homeschoolers have equal access to opportunities. The idea of Ubuntu, can guide the development of policies that support homeschooling. Collaboratively, the government, educational institutions, and homeschooling communities can create a system that recognizes the value of homeschooling and provides opportunities for all students to succeed. The recognition of homeschooling as a legitimate pathway to learning would also help to promote educational pluralism, for a vibrant and inclusive education system. By recognizing homeschooling as a valid and innovative way of learning, Kenya can create a more diverse, inclusive, and effective education system that prepares students for success in the twenty-first century.
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LUSAKA PROVINCE, ZAMBIA
(Tangaza University, 2025) Mwape Chewe
The study explored the assessment of digital marketing strategies on social entrepreneurship in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Social entrepreneurship aims to address social problems while remaining financially sustainable. Digital marketing offers cost-effective tools to reach a wider audience, promote social ventures, and raise awareness about social causes. The research investigated how social entrepreneurs in Lusaka Province are utilizing digital marketing platforms and analyzed the effectiveness of these strategies in achieving their social and financial goals. The study also explored the challenges faced by social enterprises in adopting digital marketing and suggested potential solutions. Assessing digital marketing and social entrepreneurship, the research has contributed to the development of effective strategies for promoting social good and achieving sustainable social change. Employing a mixed methods approach, the research combined quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a understanding of this relationship. The quantitative aspect utilized surveys and questionnaires to gather data from a representative sample of social enterprises, measuring their digital marketing practices and their perceived impact on social impact goals. The qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including social entrepreneurs and digital marketing experts. This allowed for an exploration of the experiences, challenges, and opportunities associated with digital marketing in the social entrepreneurship landscape of Lusaka Province. Combining these methodologies, the research offered valuable insights into how social enterprises can leverage digital marketing to amplify their social impact and contribute to positive social change in Zambia. The study used 140 respondents to make a study population which was drawn from total number of registered enterprises by PACRA the board mandate to register businesses and organizations in Zambia. The research focused on awareness, effectiveness, challenges, measuring social impact and government policies as major areas of concentration to achieve the results in digital marketing and how these affect social entrepreneurship either non-financial or financial. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and statistical analysis with the support of SPSS. Themes were presented as they emerged in the data analysis. The findings of the study showed that the majority of the entrepreneurs were aware of the strategies and were using at least one of the digital marketing tool but most of them are struggling with reaching effectiveness, measuring social impact. Different challenges like lack of funding and bureaucracy in government policies were observed. The study recommends strategies such as re-allocating marketing budget of funds for digital marketing, creating online brand community, developing social media performance matric, employing social media expert and investing in training and digital marketing knowledge. Conversely, the study showed that there was a significant influence of government policies on the relationship between digital marketing and social entrepreneurship.
MARKETING MIX AND CONSUMPTION OF GOAT DAIRY PRODUCTS IN DAGORETI NORTH CONSTITUENCY, NAIROBI, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2025-08) GENESIO NJAGI MUGOH
The global dairy industry is increasingly shifting toward alternative dairy products, driven by growing health awareness, environmental concerns, and changing dietary preferences. Despite the nutritional, health, and ecological benefits of goat dairy products, their market penetration in urban Kenya remains limited, underscoring the need for targeted marketing insights. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the marketing mix on the consumption of goat dairy products in Dagoretti North Constituency, Nairobi County, with the goal of stimulating demand and promoting sustainability. Specifically, it examined the influence of product qualities, assessed the effect of pricing strategies, evaluated the role of promotional activities, and analyzed the impact of distribution channels on consumption. In addition, the study sought to establish whether demographic factors such as age, gender, income, education, and household size moderate the relationship between these marketing mix elements and consumption patterns. The study was guided by the Marketing Mix Theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the Family Life Cycle Theory. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, with data collected via structured questionnaires from 384 respondents selected through quota, stratified, and simple random sampling across key retail centers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The study found that all four marketing variables; product quality, pricing strategies, promotional activities, and distribution channels had positive and significant relationships with consumption of goat dairy products. Among these, distribution and promotion emerged as the strongest predictors of consumer behavior, highlighting the critical role of availability and visibility in shaping purchasing choices. While product quality and pricing appeared influential in the initial analyses, their impact diminished when all variables were considered together in the multivariate model, leaving the overall model to explain only 39.2% of the variation in consumption. This departure from Marketing Mix Theory, which posits that product and price are core drivers of consumer choice, shows that in contexts like Dagoretti North, even strong attributes and fair prices may struggle to influence demand where product availability, awareness and familiarity are limited. Instead, effective distribution and promotional strategies that build access and recognition are critical to unlocking the value of quality and price. A moderated regression model indicated that demographic factors slightly improved the explanatory power of the model (Adjusted R² = .409), with age emerging as a significant moderator (β = .062, p = .021). Older consumers valued health messaging, while younger consumers prioritized convenience and innovation. Other demographic variables such as gender, income, education, and household size did not significantly moderate the relationship between the marketing mix and consumption. The study concludes that it is important to enhance distribution access and implement age-sensitive promotional strategies to drive goat dairy consumption in urban areas. The study recommends improved supply chain reliability, locally tailored promotions, and health-focused messaging. Future research should explore psychographic segmentation, digital marketing strategies, and cross-context comparisons between rural and urban markets to refine marketing approaches.
EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES: A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP APPROACH TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN KIBERA, NAIROBI, KENYA.
(Tangaza University, 2025-10) MUHIA MARIA WANJIKU
This study explores the role of social entrepreneurship in addressing the affordable housing crisis in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya, with a focus on empowering communities through innovative, sustainable and inclusive approaches. Guided by social entrepreneurship theory, social capital theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the research aimed to achieve its overarching objective: to investigate how social entrepreneurship can empower communities and facilitate access to affordable housing. Specifically, it examined the influence of social financial strategies, the contribution of social service provision, the integration of environmental approaches and the moderating impact of government policy on affordable housing initiatives. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Data was collected from Kibera residents, social entrepreneurs, government officials and community leaders, offering a comprehensive perspective on the housing challenges faced by low-income communities. The findings reveal that social entrepreneurship significantly enhances access to affordable housing by leveraging on social financial approaches, such as impact investing and green finance and incorporating sustainable environmental practices, including renewable energy integration and climateresilient designs. Additionally, social services, such as housing counseling and education programs, were found to strengthen community empowerment and housing accessibility. Despite these advancements, the study identified barriers such as limited government support, inadequate funding and cultural resistance to adopting innovative practices. The study highlights the need for robust policies to support public-private partnerships, incentivize sustainable housing practices and increase awareness of the benefits of social entrepreneurship. This research further provides actionable insights for stakeholders, including policymakers, social entrepreneurs and development practitioners to develop transformative strategies for equitable and sustainable housing solutions in Kibera and similar urban contexts globally.