Theses and Dissertation

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    Determinants of Socio-Economic Empowerment of Karamojong Women in Napak District, Uganda
    (Tangaza University College, 2020) Sarah, Marie A. K.
    The study was about the socio-economic empowerment of women and was carried out at Napak District of Karamoja region in Uganda. This study examined how women’s income generating activities, available financial services, women representation in decision making and cultural transformation of community influence the socio-economic empowerment of the women of Napak District. The study employed mixed method. The study sampled 388 respondents who were selected through both probability and non-probability sampling methods with quantitative and qualitative design. The sample comprised of 388 respondents. Purposive and snowball techniques were used for selection of focus groups discussion members and interviewees. Quantitative data was analyzed following the research objectives using descriptive statistics with support of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) while thematic and content analysis was done for the qualitative data. The themes were based on the objectives of the study. The study found out that food chain related businesses like cereal business, catering and hotel services, beer brewing and sale, vegetables business are sustainable and most profitable. Livestock business is still out of the domain of women due to cultural constraints, distances and the capital involved. Women involved in business are more sustainable, though their entrepreneur skills are not adequate. The study also found out that, women are not familiar with the available financial services as there is not a single bank in the district. In the area of influence of women in decision-making, the findings indicate that women leaders on the lower cadres are a source of inspiration and knowledge for other women. Those on national and county levels are not close to the women as to understand their situation as they only come when duty calls. Another finding was that the traditional culture of the Karamojong of Napak District still remains strong especially the retrogressive customs like wife inheritance, polygamy, early marriages, women domestication and forced marriages. In conclusion, self-help groups seem to be the best option of empowerment for the women of Napak District as the community resources dictate but there is need of human resource empowerment and creations of links both within and with the neighbouring districts for fair business deals. There is an urgent need of financial literacy for the independence of the businesses of the women. While in the area of retrogressive practices, the women need the support of the government for enforcement of the laws, as the practices are still quite strong. The study recommends that entrepreneurial skills of women be further developed as the most sustainable source of income. In order to engage in major businesses women need to have access and knowledge on financial management and services. The government needs to provide this service through banks. Women in decision-making positions are encouraged to create networks and programmes for systemically educating women on what government offers and on fitting empowerment strategies. Further study is required in the area of the retrogressive practices in Karamoja especially on early and forced marriages as they merge closely with traditional marriages.
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    Integrating African Spiritual Formation Values with Christian Values in the Religious Formation of African Men and Women in Nairobi - Kenya
    (Tangaza University College/Saint Mary university of Minnesota(Nairobi Campus), 2015-05) Mutesh, Petronilla Lumati
    The study explores whether there has been any integration of African spiritual formation values with Christian values in the religious formation of African men and women in the many religious houses in Nairobi. This comes out of the call from the African Synod of Bishops on inculturation in 1994. The task of exploring this out was done among congregations of men and women; thus the indigenous and the international congregations. The focus was on how much is being done to embrace some of these African spiritual formation values in the formation of these African men and women so as to enable them to find their own identity within the church in the true spirit of inculturation. The study reveals that the majority of African religious men and women feel uncomfortable to express and fully radiate who they are as African religious. They remain in a state of identity loss, and tend to feel uncomfortable in embracing their core values from African cultures which form part and parcel of who they are. The result of which, as it was found out, is the cause of an identity crisis among African religious men and women. It was ironical and surprising to learn that the integration of African spiritual formation values has not taken root in religious congregations founded within Africa. One would have expected that these congregations would set the pace in the implementation of the integration of African spiritual formation values with Christian values among their members. This shows how the apparent slow integration of African spiritual formation values in formation of African religious men and women cannot be blamed on congregations of foreign origin alone. The study also found out that there are differing interpretations and expressions of African spiritual formation values by Africans and non-African men and women religious; for example, whereas the African value of hospitality is given strong emphasis by Africans, the same is still a value but perceived and expressed differently by non- Africans. Even among Africans, the manner in which the older members understand hospitality is different from the younger ones, requiring more dialogue that may foster a common understanding. In conclusion, the study therefore, points to the need to foster a solid foundation in both initial and on-going formation of African men and women with an integrated and holistic understanding of religious life. This goal can only be achieved through the integration of African spiritual formation values of family built on love, forgiveness and solidarity, spontaneous prayers, self-reliance and hard work, respect for elders and authority, hospitality, other-centeredness and service. Religious men and women in Africa are part of the global church and in order to experience an atmosphere of feeling at home, the call to inculturation cannot be over-emphasized. This call needs to be deepened and nurtured for religious life to take root on the African continent.