Undergraduate Projects/Long Essays

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    The Phenomenon of Street Children in Kenya: A Case Study Of Bosco Boys, Kuwinda
    (Tangaza University College, 2002) Briiane, Yosepii
    Kenya is among countries regarded as devCloping in theTrdrhdi World. It also-is) =- among the African countries with a high rate of a population migrating into urban centres. Majority of such population are in search for employment and better living conditions °---44 Its believed to be available in urban centres due to high technological advancements in towns. Kenya also ranks among African countries with a very high rate of a second class generation of street children in most of its main urban centres. Like the rest of the African countries, Kenya has many street children between ages four and eighteen who spend the major part of their lives in city streets. This phenomenon is one of the many social problems confronting the contemporary world. It is rapidly becoming of a terribly and glaring challenge particularly in the urban but also rural areas. "The street child phenomenon was first noticed in Nairobi in the 1960s. Street children were then known as "parking boys". This term was generally used by people in the early 1970s instead of the phrase "street children." The former term is derived from one of their popular activities, namely, directing motorists to available parking spaces along crowded kerbs, especially during peak hours. These children would the cars until the drivers returned. The drivers would usually give them tips. Their tips depended on the generosity of the drivers.
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    The Role the Media Play In Facilitating the Fostering Of Street Children
    (Tangaza University College, 2006) Kivondo, Lawrence
    We might have all encountered them, either evoking a feeling of sympathy, hatred-sympathy-anger, and gratitude depending on the nature of the encounter. So, who are these so-called 'street children'? Persons, human beings whose rights have been violated, marginalized people, and somehow victimized and ostracized by the society; persons whose well-being seems to be no one's responsibility. To someone this may seem unreal, but this is in fact the condition of most street children. But why is it that most members of the society have negative attitudes towards the street children? Social psychologists define attitudes as beliefs that predispose us to act and feel in a certain way'. This definition has three components which can be exemplified by the societies attitude towards the street children such as the belief that street children are generally deviant, which leads to feeling of mistrust, leading to a disposition to behave in a certain way, such as readiness to be rude to them or to ignore their plight. In general the street children are viewed in a negative perspective by most members of the society; however this negative attitude can be changed. In order to change the negative attitudes towards street children there is need for better understanding of the street children phenomenon by members of the society. This is not easy since most members of the society tend to believe that the street children phenomenon is as a result of aberrant people or families. This belief negates the fact that the street children phenomenon is the consequence of a culmination of interrelated factors. In order to address the street children phenomenon, the negative attitude of the society towards the street children must first of all be changed and what better way of I Cl P. LAAST, "Psychology of a Person". 6 1 changing attitudes is there today than using the media? In this era it has been noted that the media have emerged as being one of the relevant agents of socialization making them an ideal instrument for societal transformation. The idea of using communication as a critical instrument of transformation can be traced back to World War II, when the broadcast media were extensively used for persuasion, propaganda and psychological warfare2. Later on, after the end of the war, lessons learned about communications were used in many different settings to respond to a wide variety of needs, especially advertising social marketing and the diffusion of innovations. Apart from been used as a tool for marketing, it was discovered that the media could be used ideally for community development as community media. Community media have been used in various parts of the world for the transformation of society. This paper will examine a project of St Martin CSA, in Nyahururu, where the community has chosen the fostering of street children as a way of rehabilitating them and turning them into positive members of the society. However, the street children programme is not that successful, because most of the people of Nyahururu town have negative attitudes about the street children. By proposing a communication project, we hope that the negative attitudes of the people will be changed, hence facilitating the fostering of street children.
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    Street Children in Nairobi: Case Study of St.Charles Lwanga School, Kibera
    (Tangaza University College, 2001-04) Gebrehiwo, Solomon
    The phenomenon of street children is almost a worldwide phenomenon, but prevalent in urban areas, especially in the less developed countries. In Kenya, street children were initially identified in the late 1960s as "Parking Boys"; but the problem of street children began to be explicitly felt in the 1970s. The word "parking" denotes the activity that these children were mostly engaged in, identifying and showing motorists empty spaces to park their vehicles and watching the vehicles to guard them against thieves. The motorists usually paid them some little money for such services. The term "street children" gradually replaced "parking boys", mainly because girls also went into the streets to join the boys and both of them now engaged in activities beyond just showing motorists where to park their vehicles and guarding them. Who is responsible for the creation of street children? Clearly, it is not just their mistake that explains their being on the streets. Nor can we say that their parents are solely responsible for their status. Rather, it is today's social setup and the manner in which one has been brought up. Street children hardly have a social status in the larger society. Existence is tolerated but not trusted, as their abode and background are not known. Many city dwellers would prefer street children not to be near their residential areas or places, even though most of these children are not delinquent and are safe to deal with. Attempt to seek better understanding of the street children's root causes is crucial. It is necessary to perceive it in the context of the various contemporary issues, such as added pressure applied on society by the structural adjustment programs (SAPs), particularly is the effect of shifting the burden of costs for social services to the user. This is probably a major cause of school dropout, some of whom sooner or later find their way into the streets. It is my hope that the developing world will soon come up with better economic policies and better legislation that favor the rights of children so that this escalating situation of street children may be curbed.
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    Plight of Street Children: A Pastoral Challenge
    (Tangaza University College, 2000-03) Matiya, Lukwago Richard
    Street children in Kenya face innumerable hardships and dangers in their daily lives. The number of street children in Africa is expected to spiral to the shocking figure of 15 million by this year 2000, according to a report by the African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN). The phenomenon of street children is directly linked with rapid urbanisation on the continent. The overall urbanisation rate in Africa is over 5 percent according to ANPPCAN 's Child Watch Newsletter. In his paper, "Urbanisation and street children in Eastern and Southern Africa" presented at the workshop, R.A. Obudho of the University of Nairobi said it was estimated that Africa will have the greatest number of street children by the year 2000. Of the street children found in Africa, the majority were found in the urban centres of Eastern and Southern countries. However, in Nairobi City, children are found living and working on city streets. It is a dangerous and precarious existence. The reasons for their presence vary, but all share the common experience of fighting for their everyday survival. The purpose of this research is to find out the phenomenon and to come up with effective action to the problem of street children. Chapter one is concerned with background of the study. We feel it necessary to draw attention to the increasingly vulnerable position of our worlds children. In it the researcher stressed the statement of the problem. He also explored the basic assumptions. Because of this it enables us to monitor the Church, Non Governmental organisations, Government's works by providing resources, training, information and supporting sources concerning rehabilitation of street children. The second chapter is set out to explore the literary Review related to the study. It gathered data from secondary sources in libraries and Church, Government and Non Governmental organisation reviews. In the second section we give some elaborate details of the research questions raised in chapter one. The third chapter offers the research methodology. The main interest here is in drawing out the qualitative approach, using the see, judge and act methodology. All of this concerns the part of gathering and receiving available secondary data. The observations of some projects were made. Chapter four is entitled "Results and discussions" which deals with information gathered from interviews and literature reviewed. It set out a key element in relating to the objectives, assumptions and research questions. The fifth chapter offers project proposal and recommendations. Finally, there is an appendix in which we give some very practical guidelines of questionnaire dealing with different people. Parents, children of and on the street, children under voluntarysector organisations and child-care workers and social workers.
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    Deprived Children In An African Ghetto
    (Tangaza University College, 2000-02-16) Mulenga, John Bosco
    As the title suggests, my commitment in this paper is to look at the situation of children in the ghetto setting in view of stretching out the question of deprivation. For the sake of appropriation, I am compelled to analyse this question in relation to the cause, which I believe, lies in the unjust and oppressive structural environment. Both the question of deprivation and the oppressive environment belong to the same ecosystem because they influence each other and are closely linked. They are inseparable. Any strenuous effort towards the eradication or rather, the transformation of the slum-children's appalling life situation would be to no avail if the unjust and oppressive environment is not eradicated or even transformed. Any social transformation depends on the transformation of the contagious environment: the most dangerous "sick who walk " Certainly, my task in this paper is not to offer a solution to the subhuman life-situation of the slum children. But rather, to suggest afresh that while it is good to roll up our sleeves in our meticulous care and concern for the deprived and depraved, it is even better to consider the environmental background of oppression as well.