EXPLORING REASONS FOR SELF-HARM AMONG TEENAGERS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Date
2024-11
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Publisher
Tangaza University
Abstract
Self-harm involves a person injuring themselves deliberately. This may be in the form of cutting or burning. This study aimed at deepening understanding of the phenomenon of self-harm through a qualitative research approach based on phenomenological research design. The research was conducted in two selected public secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objectives of the research were to know the reasons for self-harm, methods of self-harm, and the possible mitigation measures. A population of seven respondents was interviewed. The theories of dual harm model and Cognitive Behavioral Theory were used Data was collected through semi- structured interview questions developed by the researcher. This allowed for transparency and enabled extraction of subjective details on the topic. The study employed purposive: typical case sampling and convenient. The research managed to recruit seven participants. Descriptive data was then analyzed through thematic content analysis technique where the researcher identified repeated patterns guided by the research objectives. The results identified cutting, burning, scratching, and medication overdose as the types of prevalent self-harm. Loss and grief, bullying, relationship strains, distressing emotions, and academic pressures were some of the reported reasons for self-harm. This was in line with the objectives of the study which was to know the types of self-harm, to know the triggers of self-harm and to know the mitigations to self-harm. Results suggested counseling and being listened to as mitigation measures. Some did not know the kind of help they needed while others stated that they did not need help. The findings are likely to help psychologists, parents, learning institutions, and society; to understand some basic psychological needs of adolescents who engage in self-harm and devise ways of helping them.