Masters in Social Transformation

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An Investigation of Role of Boards of Management in Provision of Quality Education
(Tangaza University College, 2015) Baptista Mungai, Irungu John
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of boards of management in provision of quality education (case of financial management in public secondary schools in Gatanga Sub County in Murang’a County, Kenya). The body entrusted to oversee the governance and management of public secondary school is board of management. The research objectives aimed at identifying the role of boards of management in public secondary schools in Gatanga Sub County; finding out the extent to which school finances are mismanaged in public secondary schools in Gatanga Sub County and their root causes; finding out ways towards quality education in Gatanga Sub County public secondary schools; finding out possible solutions towards good governance and financial management of public secondary schools in Gatanga Sub County. The researcher used descriptive survey to illustrate the structure of the research. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative paradigms of study to investigate the problem statement. The target population of the study was 12 public secondary schools in Gatanga Sub County. Out of the 12 targeted schools all participated in the study. The school principals, school deputy principal, BOM chairpersons, PA chairpersons and School bursar constituted the respondents. Each school was expected to have 5 respondents making a total of 60 respondents and only 42 participated. Stratified sampling procedure was used and probability sampling technique to select 1 principal, 1 deputy, Chairperson BOM and Chairperson PA and school bursar; making a total of 5 respondents from each school of the 12 schools out of 40 public secondary schools making it 30 % population size. The researcher also use purposive sampling for better representation. The researcher used structured and unstructured questions based on the objectives this research. The raw data collected was analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 for windows and presented using tables, pie charts and graphs. The key findings was that majority respondent reported being contented by the role of boards of management in their respective schools. The finding indicated the need to create awareness of the roles and functions of the board of management. Participatory monitoring and social accountability was operational in most schools. Motive, opportunity and unethical orientation were pointed to be factors influencing bad governance and financial mismanagement in public secondary school. While cheating and deceit, waste and financial mismanagement, fraud and stealing were other elements detected in most public schools. The value of education was high among the responds despite the poor performance in academics in Gatanga Sub County. Pedagogical process and professional practices were identified as major determining factors toward quality education. The study findings established that bad governance and financial mismanagement of school resources affected area such as academic performance due to mismanagement of time; while high expenditures resulted from high wastage observed in most schools. The researcher recommendations included regular empowerment programmes and capacity building; transparency and accountability, and regular auditing of financial statements and proper recording; reinforcement of financial control systems and use of information computer technology; alternative resource mobilization to improve the infrastructure in existence; proper internal monitoring, regular assessment and supervision by Education Officers; development plan identifying key projects according to the need of the each school, implementation plans and comprehensive evaluation.
Managing Not-For-Profit Organisations For Financial Sustainability: A Case Study of Koinonia Community’s Social Projects, Nairobi County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2015) Chege, Muchiri Simon
Financial sustainability for Not-for-Profit organizations has long been of interest to not-for-profit organization leaders, current and potential donors, and the communities that not-for-profits serve. However, not-for-profits face a myriad of challenges in establishing and maintaining financial sustainability. In an effort to improve the sustainability and performance of Koinonia Community, the researcher conducted an explanatory qualitative study to establish a strategic plan of action. Through snowball sampling, a sample of 20 (16.67%) respondents out of 120 target population was interviewed. The respondents provided quality information regarding operations, management, financial constraints and possible mechanism that can enhance sustainability. The major findings depicted Koinonia Community as donor dependent organization which has potential to generate revenues through social value initiatives. Its organizational structure was described as consistent and rigid. Thus, to champion change for effective management for financial sustainability, so strategic mechanisms were proposed. These include a “culture of giving”; promotion of community to leadership; change of internal organization environment; and incorporation of innovative fundraising techniques. The researcher backed these social transformative approaches with religious motivation to increase the synergy in the new emerging organization. This would transform the agents (managers) into stewards who foster Koinonia Community’s agenda to advocate for social economic empowerment of the marginalized communities.
Factors Leading to Dependency on Donor Aid: Case of Kianda Village, Kibera Informal Settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2015-06) Musyoka Nzioki, Hillary
This study sought to establish the factors leading to dependence on donor Aid in Kianda village in the larger Kibera Slum of Nairobi County, Kenya. It has been observed that the residents of Kianda are highly dependent on donor Aid channeled through CBOs working to address various problems in Kianda. The problem that the study sought to address can be defined in the following manner: due to interplay of factors such as politics, scarcity of resources, economic instability and psychosocial drawbacks, the residents of Kianda village are caught in a situation of crippling poverty which leads them to dependency on Aid and into further poverty. This was done by classifying the various factors whose interplay leads to dependence and aggravates poverty. At the heart of the problem is a modus operandi which is detrimental in the long run for the residents of Kianda, who despite the numerous projects implemented for them, still live in a situation of chronic poverty. The research methodology consisted of a mixed approach where both qualitative and quantitative data which was collected by use of questionnaires and group discussions were analyzed. Use of extensive literature review on informal settlements, as well as interview guide for group discussions were used to compliment the study. A total of 141 respondents were selected for the interview, with 121 of these being the residents of Kianda and the remaining 20 being Managers and coordinators of CBOs. Of these, 100 questionnaires issued to the residents were returned, as were 17 issued to CBOs. The data analysis was done using SPSS and the findings discussed extensively. The findings show that Kianda residents are dependent on Aid. It was also established that politics and poor governance play a negative role in leading to dependence. Further, it was found that poor education, disempowerment of the residents as well as lack of employment opportunities lead to the high levels of dependence on donor Aid. Lastly, it was found that the CBOs play a contributory role in the Aid dependency syndrome by taking on board most of the responsibilities in developmental projects. The study therefore concluded that the dependence on donor Aid in Kianda village is crippling the growth of the residents. It also concluded that the residents of Kianda need to play a central role in their own development instead of being indifferent to it. The study recommends a re-education and social inclusion be done to transform the situation of poverty in Kianda and trigger true development. This calls for all the parties to be involved actively in this transformation. It further recommends that government adopts policies which empower the residents to own their own development such as security of land tenure and implementation of reform agenda. Furthermore, CBOs are encouraged to play their role of advocacy and lobby for the residents so as true transformation can be achieved.
Influence of Clericalism on Collaboration for Effective Service Delivery: A Case Study of Nyeri Catholic Archdiocese Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2017) Maina, Wanjohi Patrick
This study sought to explore the influence of clericalism on service delivery in the Catholic Church. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the influence of clericalism on collaboration for effective service delivery in Nyeri Catholic Archdiocese in Kenya. The following specific objectives were set: (a) to test the extent to which hierarchical structure and patriarchal nature influences collaboration for service delivery, (b) to explore the extent to which seminary education influences collaboration for service delivery, (c) to find out the extent to which ontological change and relative independence influences collaboration for service delivery. The study used both qualitative and quantitative design. The data for the study was collected from a sample of 32 priests, 16 lay leaders groups from parishes and 4 groups of religious men and women through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Data from the questionnaire was recorded into Statistical Package for Social Sciences and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data from focus group discussions and interviews was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found out that hierarchical structure and patriarchal nature influences collaboration for service delivery, b) seminary education influences collaboration for service delivery, (c) ontological change and relative independence influences collaboration for service delivery. Based on the findings, the study recommended the following: (a) setting up of structures for collaboration, (b) training on personality types, and (c) training on collaborative ministry. Further, the study proposed future studies on the traditional belief of the church on the ontological change of the clergy.
Challenges Facing Urban Refugees in Running Small Scale Businesses: A Case of Great Lakes Refugees in Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2017) Maina, Charles Githua
The main objective of this research was to study the challenges facing the urban Great Lakes Refugees doing small scale businesses in Nairobi County - Kenya. The study examined whether the great lakes refugees had legal documents, whether they were able to access finance for small scale businesses, whether they faced security issues while trading in Nairobi County and whether they had capacity to access the market for their products. The study attempted to explain how the urban great lakes refugees acquired and faced the challenges in search of livelihood. A situational analysis was carried out as the background for the formulation of the research problem and a systematic review of literature was conducted to establish the theoretical and conceptual framework. The study methodology used was a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research design. Population of urban great lakes refugees was 468 and those doing small scale businesses were 197. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 respondents to fill the questionnaires, where later four Focused Groups Discussions (FDGs) comprising ten members each were carried out for the verification and complementarity of the questionnaires responses. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics while inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions from the collected data and presented using pie charts, bar graphs, frequency tables and percentages. This was done through Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and Ms Excel. The found that very view urban great lakes refugees had proper legal documents to allow them live and work in Nairobi County, thus living majority of them hidden “illegally” in the public fabric. They involved themselves with all manner of small scale businesses for livelihood. These businesses had no legal permits since they were not registered with the relevant County authorities. They also faced great challenges in accessing finances/loans for start-ups or for growth of their businesses. Majority had received small amount of cash from TUSA only once, which was insufficient and had no capacity to acquire more due to repayment challenges or lack of collateral for the same. They had no capacity to acquire finance from government institutions. On the other hand, those who were venturing into businesses had high challenges on book keeping skills for they lacked financial and management skills. Great lakes refugees living in Nairobi (City) County, faced numerous security issues. These included arrests by police officers, harassment, intimidation, threats, sexual abuse, assaults, thefts and tribal conflicts. They were arrested, harassed and beaten by security agents and money was demanded from them. They faced the similar security challenges from the local citizens. These challenges were attributed to lack or delays in issuing refugee status legal documentations. Closure of Department of Refugee Affairs and fear of deportations blocked majority of refugees from seeking registration or renewal of their documents. The great lakes refugees in small scale businesses faced a challenge to accessing the market and depending with the kinds of products they traded, they took between one to thirty days in selling away their products. Refugees in the urban centres in Nairobi County faced societal challenges too. These included language barriers, lack of formal education, ethnic differences from fellow refugees. They lacked sufficient knowledge or awareness of refugee Acts or policies that facilitated their rights as human persons and therefore the society took advantage of this over them. The study also attempted to analyse the relationship faith and experiences in order to understand how faith, wisdom, experience, traditions and general knowledge kept the refugees moving on with life. The study ended by proposing participatory action – oriented plan and strategies based on short and long term plans. These included meetings, seminars/training workshops, language training, small group’s kitty, creating networks/alliances/collaboration/partnership, lobbying and advocacy, visibility campaigns, co-operative formations, budgeting/fundraising, on- going research, monitoring and evaluation and finally integration programme. All these are aimed to achieve Social Transformation for urban refugees in Nairobi County.
Improving the Standards of Living Using Petroleum Revenue: The Case of Koch County, Unity State, South Sudan
(Tangaza University College, 2018) Gatpan, Thoar Gideon
This study sought to determine the extent to which petroleum revenue had been used to improve the standards of living in Koch County, Unity State, South Sudan. The study was guided by four specific objectives which were to determine the extent to which 2% state share of petroleum revenue has been used to improve the standards of living; explore the extent to which 3% community share of petroleum revenue has been used to improve the standards of living; examine the extent to which Community Development Fund from petroleum revenue has been used to improve the standards of living; and discuss the extent to which Community Compensation Package from petroleum revenue has been used to improve the standards of living. The study adopted a descriptive research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data. The target group for this study was Koch County. The sample size for the study composed of 371 heads of households, 33 officials from the county government and 17 managers from Sud Petroleum Operating Company. The research used purposive sampling. Data collected was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to generate information of what respondents answered based on open and closed-ended questions in questionnaires which were administered to them. Qualitative data was systematic organized into manageable units and coded under particular themes as per the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was coded, analysed and summarized using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and tables. Several indicators were identified as guiding principles towards measuring the objectives. The study found out that the main cause to lack of implementing the state share of petroleum revenues is the weak systems of governance characterized by political instability, lack of political will, rampant corruption and social injustices. Therefore, the study proposes a transformative action plan to address petroleum revenue. To promote accountability and transparency in the management of petroleum revenue, all stakeholders must be involved. The government must be sensitized to encourage community participation in decision making processes. The government at all levels must ensure that petroleum policies are disseminated among the people living in the petroleum producing states and that awareness training on safety has been achieved. Seminars, trainings, workshops, visibility campaigns, research and advocacy is the action plan.
The Relationship Between Social Human Rights for Police Officers and Corruption in The Police Service in Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2018) Njenga, Wilson Kinyanjui
This study focused on establishing the relationship between social human rights and corruption in the police service in Kenya. The study was guided by four objectives: first, to identify the level of knowledge of social human rights; to establish the level of corruption perception; to assess the condition of the right to adequate standards of living to investigate the level of the right to freedom of association among the police officers in Kenya. The research was conducted within Nairobi area. The research was guided by universality of human rights theory and human rights-based approach to development as its models and theoretical framework. Game theory was also used to guide in understanding corruption as a practice. Universality and human rights-based approach to development models argues that at the heart of any considerable development, human rights issues should be put in place. Descriptive research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in the study. Administration Police officers working in Security of Government Buildings (S.G.B) unit Nairobi area was the target group. The research used a sampled population 100 police officers with different ranks, work experiences and duties. The research used cluster sampling method which involved dividing the population, in this case police officers, into groups (S.G.B) unit which follows random selection from the cluster. Data collected was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to generate information of what the respondents answered based on the questionnaires which were both open and closed ended. The study found out that there was some relationship between social human rights and corruption in police service where; increase in lack of proper observance of social human rights for police officers, there is increase in the levels of corruption. Specifically, the study found out that the level of knowledge of social human rights was low and the levels of perception on corruption were high. The study further revealed that the standards of living among the police officers were inadequate. The extent of the exercise of freedom of association among the police officers was low where most police officers were not members or even did not know of existence of any formed associations. The study proposed both short- and long-term action plan as redress measure. The short-term action plan was to carry out seminars, trainings and workshops as a way of creating awareness about social human rights for police officers and corruption. The focus of these activities would be leadership within the national Police service and the members of the police service as well as the relevant government bodies. The long-term plan was to lobby and advocate for increase of police associations, more engagements with the government to have legalization that enables the police officers enjoy their social human rights. Collaboration and networking with likeminded organization would be another form of action plan to put pressure of the government for the implementation of challenges facing issues around the social human rights for police officers. The study further proposed visibility campaigns through contributing articles in newspapers, magazines, and journals as well as holding talks on social media. More research in this field would be a powerful tool to be recommended to other scholars in universities that could bring alternatives ways and methods of understanding corruption and reducing it in police service in Kenya.
Developing a Holistic Resolution Framework to Address the Conflict in South, Central Somalia
(Tangaza University College, 2018-03) R. A. Owinow, George
Since 1991, Somalia has been in a state of conflict, particularly in the South and Central regions. Several attempts to reconstruct the state have failed and the current African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) peace process is not guaranteed to succeed either. The multi–dimensionality of intractable conflicts requires that interveners understand the system of conflicts from various perspectives and approach it comprehensively. This study was guided by three objectives: First, to establish the underlying causes of the conflict particularly in South and Central Somali through an analysis. Second, through study and review of literature to explore and determine appropriate measures to address the issues underlying and driving the conflict, and lastly, to develop a suitable conflict resolution framework that will address the conflict in a holistic manner. The research was conducted in parts of South, and Central Somalia experiencing the conflict. The research has adopted two theories related to conflict. These are Karl Marx’s theory of conflict and Morton Devesch theory of conflict resolution which recognizes the existence of opposing forces in society due to competing interests. The guiding theory of Devesch adapted by this research contends that conflict resolution factors such as goals, aims and issues are pivotal in determining the success of the resolution mechanisms adopted by negotiators. A descriptive research design with a qualitative approach was used in the study. The target group for this study included elected persons from groups deemed to be directly involved and affected by the conflict such as leaders at all levels, Somali elders, religious leaders, women, the youth and the security agencies involved in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The research used a non –probability sampling technique which sought to involve a number of respondents that form a fair representation of the people affected by the conflict and those involved in its resolutions. Data collected was analysed qualitatively to generate information on the respondents view on key issues addressed. The study found that the conventional method of resolving conflict in a Politico-Security fashion was inadequate in addressing some fundamental issues. It was therefore necessary to adopt a more holistic approach to address most of the issues. The framework designed to address the issues combined peace research theory and peace practice by practitioners who must work together in the resolution process. The research further emphasizes the need for close coordination and synchronization of activities in time and space to ensure success. More research is therefore recommended in the area of coordination of the resolution process.
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Holistic Rehabilitation of Street Children in Mathare Constituency-Nairobi County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2018-05) Muriithi, Kamara Simon
The dynamics of holistic rehabilitation of street children are complex and solutions to challenge posed by this phenomenon requires a study to establish how to tackle it. In Mathare Constituency, the challenges facing institutions involved in this task are not any different. This study sought to establish the socio-economic factors affecting the holistic rehabilitation of street children in Mathare constituency that is an informal settlement within Nairobi County. The main objective was to assess how healthcare services, educational services, managers’ competences, caregivers’ characteristics and availability of funds affect holistic rehabilitation of street children in Mathare Constituency. The target population was one hundred and sixty five (165) that included caregivers, managers, former rehabilitated children, primary caregivers and teachers from the charitable children institutions within Mathare Constituency. The sample size for the study was 116 participants. The participants of the study were selected using purposive random, simple random and snowball sampling techniques. The study used a descriptive survey design whereby quantitative and qualitative methods were integrated. The researcher used semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to collect data for the study. The data was summarized, coded and tabulated using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 2.1 for windows. The study established that the healthcare services offered to street children were adequate 78 % (n=7) and effective 67% (n=6) as the children institution staffs involved experts in serving children. The educational services offered were found to be adequate 90 % (n=17) and effective 76% (n=17) due to teachers’ effective teaching methods and role modelling that enhanced those services. The study also found 50% (n=2) of managers experienced but lacking, educational qualifications required by the government. The study likewise found out that majority of caregivers 80% (n=7) had attained required trainings but the primary caregivers had no opportunity to further their trainings. The children institutions got funds from government, civil society and international donors where the latter contributed three quarters of the funds needed. The study findings indicate, there was 75% (n=3) of street children who were enabled to adapt into the community. The study recommends the improvement of the services offered by these institutions in order to achieve holistic rehabilitation of street children. The study also recommends that the government and international bodies, to increase their support to institutions involved in the rehabilitation of street children as the resources are inadequate. The study also recommends that these institutions pursue local collaborations and partnership in order to enhance their services. Finally, the study recommends further studies with a bigger sample and intervening variables inclusion in Kenya in order to establish findings that can help solve the problem of street children’s holistic rehabilitation.
Effects of Airport Development on the Kenyan Economy: A Case of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
(Tangaza University College, 2018-07) Hussein I., Amin
The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of airport development on economic development in Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine employment creation, revenue generation and cost of air transportation as the specific objectives. The objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between airport employment creation and economic development of Kenya, to evaluate the effect of airport revenue generation on the economic development of Kenya and to determine the effect of the cost of air transportation on the economic development of Kenya. The descriptive research design was used in this study and the sampling method was purposive sampling. 304 respondents were drawn from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The respondents were drawn purposively based on their knowledge in matters concerning the development of various aspects of the airport. Therefore, the researcher investigated JKIA’s development in relation to employment creation, revenue generation and cost of airport transportation. Primary data was collected through administration of questionnaires. Data collected during the study was then sorted, organized, entered and analysed using Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program where descriptive analysis was carried out. The study findings indicate that there is an expected upsurge in the levels of employment with the building of an airport. With the upsurge in employment opportunities and the growth of businesses around an airport, the resultant effect will be an increase in revenue collection. The increase in revenue generation portends better times for both governments as there is a better chance for implementation of programs meant for the betterment of the population. Policy implication of these findings means that the Kenyan government should increase budgetary allocation in the improvement of both international and local airports considering their economic viability.
Effects of Gender Stereotyping on Women’s Social Development: A Case of Urbanized Turkana Women In Eldoret Town-Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2018-09) Nahayo, Odette
This study investigates and presents effects of gender stereotyping on urbanized Turkana women’s social development in Eldoret, Kenya. It identifies the cultural factors influencing their involvement in social development, while discussing how these women can impact their own social development. The study also examines the role of local leaders in addressing gender stereotyping, while suggesting strategies that would address it and improve urbanized Turkana women’s participation in social development. The study used mixed method approach and applied Convergent Parallel Research Design. Two theories guided the study, namely Consciousness Raising and Radical Feminist theories. The sample size was 549 respondents involving 150 Turkana and 399 non-Turkana. Data was gathered by means of questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS for quantitative, and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings revealed that gender stereotyping has a negative moderate relationship with women’s social development with “r” value of -0.337, while statistically influencing it since “p” = 0.000, which is less than 0.05, the ideal value. Results also demonstrate that there is a negative weak relationship between cultural factors and women’s social development with “r” = -0.131, and statistically influence it since “p” = 0.015, less than 0.05. Similarly, findings indicate that there is a negative weak relationship between local leaders and women’s social development with “r” = -0.201, and that they have a statistical influence on women’s social development since “p”= 0.000 and it is less than the ideal value. Based on these results, the researcher proposes an action plan as a way forward. One of the proposed activities is the sensitization of Eldoret local leaders and the community on effects of gender stereotyping. The creation of support groups for women, which helps them to work together and raise their voices is another key factor. The researcher believes that the findings in this study will contribute to the fight against gender stereotyping everywhere in the world. The study also points out areas of further studies in the future for academics.
Effective Pastoral Leadership in The Small Christian Communities for Evangelization in Tigania Deanery, Meru Catholic Diocese, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2019) Muthamia, Stephen Mbae
Leading others is a challenge, a great opportunity which includes serious responsibilities. This requires one to be passionate when serving people, it also calls for skills, commitment and great sacrifice to evangelize the people. However this does not seem to be the case in pastoral leadership of Meru catholic Diocese in Tigania Deanery. The research identified pastoral leadership skills needed for effective evangelization in the small Christian communities in Tigania Deanery, Meru Diocese. The general objective of this study was to investigate into the required skills and competencies needed in pastoral leadership for effective participatory and responsive leadership in Tigania Deanery, and to come up with action plan on how to equip leaders with those skills. The research has dealt with a review of the available literature, which demonstrates the need to cultivate skills and competencies for effective evangelizing Christians in Tigania deanery in Meru Diocese. The study employed both qualitative and quantitate research methods. The researcher used mixed method design, qualitative design that enabled to analyze the data using frequencies table, and in-depth interviews. Quantitative design we use the questionnaire to help the researcher get statistical data analysis. The researcher used purposive and random sampling methods of qualitative research. Simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used during data collection. That enables research to take place in the communities. The structure of investigation conceived helped in obtaining answers to questions. Data analysis was done using SPSS that used descriptive statistics. The findings on effective pastoral leadership for evangelizations expressed, lacks skills and competencies. The findings confirmed that pastoral leaders in Tigania deanery lacks leadership skills for evangelizing effectively in the SCCs. The findings could draw conclusion that it is important for pastoral leaders to undergo training programs because most of them have been chosen yet they absolutely lack leadership skills. More comprehensive studies should be undertaken to include a larger population in order to ascertain whether effective pastoral leadership in the SCCs in the Diocese is apostolate oriented.
Family Participation in Alleviating Insecurity in Umoja I Ward of the Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2019-01) Njue Njeru, John
Despite Umoja 1 ward of the Nairobi County drawing up of the strategic plan (2014-2018) which included decision to combat insecurity, no concrete strategies were put in place to address the concern. This study sought to find strategies the family unit could adopt to alleviate insecurity in study area for sustainable social transformation. The objectives of the study were to identify the sources of insecurity, find out what roles the family unit could undertake to alleviate insecurity, reviewing conditions that hindered the family unit from playing an effective role in alleviating insecurity and proposing workable strategies that could be put in place to enable the family unit play an effective role in enhancing security in the study location. The descriptive research design involving both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to access the data using focus group discussion guide and questionnaires as research instruments. The study target population was 373 families living in Umoja 1 ward. Based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling size table, 180 participants constituted the study size obtained through purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The data was analyzed through the use of Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study found out that, lack of security education and formation, exclusion of the family in security matters, laxity by security enforcement agents, unemployment and weakening of the family values constituted sources of insecurity. The study found out that, individuals as well as the institutions within the society ,including the family had a role to play in alleviating insecurity in Umoja 1 ward; especially through joining Nyumba Kumi, training the children on security matters, putting security measures in their locality, enhancing collaboration with the neighbors on security matters, reporting insecurity incidences to the concerned agents and sharing of vital information with security agents constituted important family unit contribution to security. Rampart security breaches which were reported and never resolved such as robbery with violence, house breaking, muggings and abduction constituted of conditions that hindered the family from playing an effective role in enhancing security. More specifically, ignorance on security matters, lack of employment, high levels of poverty, technological challenges and corruption was noted as critical hindrances to the family ability to contribute towards sustainable security. Further, the study found out that, civic education, training on security matters, use of social media, use of creative arts, information sharing with the security agents and enhancement of legal frameworks constituted key strategies that could be used through the family unit to contribute towards sustainable security. The study recommended that, there was a need for inter- ministerial action plan whereby, the ministry of Education should develop a curriculum on security matters targeting the upper primary classes up to tertiary level, while the ministry of Interior and internal coordination should come up with integrated system of communication that allows for effective and efficient systems of communication and sharing on vital information to security agents. Finally, the government to take a facilitative role in helping the civil societies effectively participate in alleviating insecurity through civic education. The implication of these findings provided a roadmap towards security paradigm shift, where security planners would consider, prescribe and assign proactive roles of security to the family. The way forward was to come up with pro-activities that translated the study findings into concrete actions which involved, but not limited to; providing educational seminars, visibility campaigns, advocacy, further research and legal adaptation with a view of enhancing responsibility and accountability by all those that insecurity reality affects.
Factors Enhancing the Sustainability of Informal Businesses for Burundian Women Refugees in Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Tangaza University College, 2019-05) Nininahazwe, Bella
This study sought to find out ways to enhance the sustainability of informal businesses for Burundian Women refugees (BWRs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by three specific objectives: first, to explore how human capital enhances the sustainability of informal businesses. Second, to explain the influence of social capital on the sustainability of informal business. Third, it is to identify the extent to which financial capital influences the sustainability of informal businesses for BWRs in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection. The target population for this study was BWRs living in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample size for the study composed of 292 BWRs. The research used purposive sampling. Data collected was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to generate information of what respondents answered based on open and closed-ended questions, one on one and telephone interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD).The study found out that the barriers to sustainability of informal businesses for BWRs were inadequate education, inadequate vocational training, lack of training skills, language barrier, lack of legal documentations such as mandate and alien card, work permit /business permit, residence permit, high level of competition with locals, police harassment, gender based violence (GBV), insecurity, poor networking, and inaccessibility to credit facilities. Accordingly, 99% BWRs were involved in informal businesses, all BWRs were not attending school (100%) and 63.5% were not involved in any vocational training. Therefore, the study has proposed a transformative action plan to sustain informal businesses for BWRs including mobilization to create awareness on BWRs’ challenges and how to handle them as a community, providing adequate education, vocational training, training skills to strengthen human capital through educating BWRs, lobbying and advocacy to bring awareness of those issues in the community and networking to connect BWRs with other women in the host community as well as visibility campaign/ research to create awareness where knowledge will be shared internationally and locally.
The Contribution of Indigenous Economic knowledge and Practices to Social Transformation
(Tangaza University College, 2019-06) Sergon Jelagat, Pascalia
The study engages the Endorois ethnic group from Sinende Location of Baringo County in Kenya to examine African indigenous economic knowledge practices to Social Transformation. It incorporates systems, practices and values, and their contribution to maintaining social well-being and economic equity. Further, it attempts to show that negative elements of the neo-liberal capitalist model such as individualism, greed and ecological destruction can be re-balanced by the adoption of African indigenous economic practices and values. In doing so, the study seeks to demonstrate how displacing indigenous economic practices and values affect the community. Linking indigenous economic knowledge, practices, and values to social transformation, the study seeks to establish that both share similar approaches to achieving an egalitarian community. The study adopted an ethnographic approach. Capability Approach theory, and the Balanced-Growth theory, together with the Kalenjin philosophy of maat supported the study. Data were gathered through observation and participation in the community’s activities, events and ceremonies, one-to-one in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key informants and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Endorois Councils of Elders. The participants, during this fields work, were purposively selected with help from community’s influencers from Lake Bogoria and Sinende areas of Endorois community. The selection of participants focused on those who were considered knowledgeable in culture and history of the Endorois. The findings of the study show that indigenous economic practices and values of the Endorois accords every member of the community a ‘universal right’ to procure wealth while prohibiting the destruction of nature’s resources. The findings also point out that abandonment of African indigenous economic system and adoption of neo-liberal economic model could be key amongst causes of social, economic and ecological crises experienced in Africa and particularly by Endorois community. The findings further propose that re-engaging Endorois indigenous economic practices and values can pave the way for social transformation and reduce individualism, economic inequality, and destruction of natural resources.
Access to Justice Regarding Property Rights for Widows: A Case of Three Wards in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2019-08) Muteithia, Catherine
The problem investigated by this study was access to justice regarding property rights for widows in Kasarani, Kibera and Kayole wards in Nairobi City County. The injustice suffered by widows in Kenya casts doubts on the equality envisioned in the Constitution of Kenya (2010) and its contribution to sustainable development of the society. This study employed the descriptive research design and made use of the mixed method design as both qualitative and quantitative data was required to provide more comprehensive as well as substantive data. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data through identification of themes concerning challenges affecting widows as they access justice, cultural factors that facilitate the social exclusion of widows, and assess knowledge of existing laws and institutions that may assist the widows. The main objective of this research was to find out the specific areas and strategies that the widows could use to contribute towards property rights and social inclusion for social transformation. The study identified the barriers that stop widows from accessing justice and explored the levels of awareness and avenues of seeking legal redress among widows. The researcher further proposed that if there are interventions by significant others government, NGOs and CBOs, the family, religious institutions- the problem of inaccessible justice would greatly reduce if not eliminated altogether.
Strategic Plan Implementation and Institute Sustainability: A Case Study of Sister Ministers of The Infirm of St. Camillus In Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2019-09) Caroline Auma, Otieno
The practice of strategic planning and implementation has become an important aspect in organizations including the Church Institutions in the fast transforming environment. The Sister Ministers of the Infirm (MI) in Kenya is one of the religious Institutions faced with many challenges including sustainability as it endeavours to carry out its mission within its Charism. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which strategic plan implementation process was successful and hence its impact on the sustainability of the religious Institute of Sister Ministers of the Infirm (MI) in Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the extent of strategic plan implementation success influencing sustainability of the MI, to establish the critical factors affecting implementation of strategic plans, to assess the influence of leadership on implementation of strategic plan, and lastly, to analyze the extent to which resources availability and deployment influence implementation of strategic plan. This research study was also guided by two complementary theories namely Resource Based View theory and Upper Echelons Theory. The study adopted a case study design and employed mixed method approach skewing towards description in generating data. The questionnaire and Interview guide were employed. The interview guide was used for two top leadership members and other three members at the MI Institute in Kenya. The total population of the study was made of 35 respondents inclusive of the top leadership team, who lead different MI communities in Kenya. Primary data was collected by use of semi structured questionnaire and interview guide. The Data collected was analyzed by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive analysis. Data presentations were in form of pie charts, tables, frequencies, and percentages. The study findings revealed that the strategic plan implementation was successful and had a significant influence in enhancing Institute’s sustainability. Enhanced leadership, improved resources availability and deployment, new entrepreneurial projects, enhanced human capital and human resources were significant success factors to strategic plan implementation process in the MI Institute. In addition, the study revealed that inadequate financial resources and some critical human resource management skills; acted as hindrance to full implementation of strategic plans. The study therefore concluded that strategic plan implementation plays an important role in enhancing Institute’s sustainability. The study recommended that for an efficient, effective and full implementation of strategic plans to achieve Institute’s goal of sustainability, top leadership should be fully involved, inspire and provide direction to members, and be committed throughout the process. The top leadership of MI should seek to acquire more skills and knowledge for Institute’s strategic leadership. Also, the study recommended that the MI top leadership should focus on sound investment on the locally available resources, and deploy these resources appropriately for better strategy implementation. Finally, the study recommended that strategy implementation is a critical success process towards sustainability of the religious Institute of Sister Ministers of the Infirm in Kenya.
Determinants of Socio-Economic Empowerment of Karamojong Women in Napak District, Uganda
(Tangaza University College, 2020) Sarah, Marie A. K.
The study was about the socio-economic empowerment of women and was carried out at Napak District of Karamoja region in Uganda. This study examined how women’s income generating activities, available financial services, women representation in decision making and cultural transformation of community influence the socio-economic empowerment of the women of Napak District. The study employed mixed method. The study sampled 388 respondents who were selected through both probability and non-probability sampling methods with quantitative and qualitative design. The sample comprised of 388 respondents. Purposive and snowball techniques were used for selection of focus groups discussion members and interviewees. Quantitative data was analyzed following the research objectives using descriptive statistics with support of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) while thematic and content analysis was done for the qualitative data. The themes were based on the objectives of the study. The study found out that food chain related businesses like cereal business, catering and hotel services, beer brewing and sale, vegetables business are sustainable and most profitable. Livestock business is still out of the domain of women due to cultural constraints, distances and the capital involved. Women involved in business are more sustainable, though their entrepreneur skills are not adequate. The study also found out that, women are not familiar with the available financial services as there is not a single bank in the district. In the area of influence of women in decision-making, the findings indicate that women leaders on the lower cadres are a source of inspiration and knowledge for other women. Those on national and county levels are not close to the women as to understand their situation as they only come when duty calls. Another finding was that the traditional culture of the Karamojong of Napak District still remains strong especially the retrogressive customs like wife inheritance, polygamy, early marriages, women domestication and forced marriages. In conclusion, self-help groups seem to be the best option of empowerment for the women of Napak District as the community resources dictate but there is need of human resource empowerment and creations of links both within and with the neighbouring districts for fair business deals. There is an urgent need of financial literacy for the independence of the businesses of the women. While in the area of retrogressive practices, the women need the support of the government for enforcement of the laws, as the practices are still quite strong. The study recommends that entrepreneurial skills of women be further developed as the most sustainable source of income. In order to engage in major businesses women need to have access and knowledge on financial management and services. The government needs to provide this service through banks. Women in decision-making positions are encouraged to create networks and programmes for systemically educating women on what government offers and on fitting empowerment strategies. Further study is required in the area of the retrogressive practices in Karamoja especially on early and forced marriages as they merge closely with traditional marriages.
Assessment of The Influence of Competitive Strategies on The Financial Performance of Small and Medium Dairy Processors in Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2020-03) Mwangangi, Veronica
The dairy industry in Kenya plays an important role in the creation of employment and food security. It is one of the major drivers which the country is using to achieve the Sustainable Development goals and Kenya Vision 2030. The success of the sector however, is dependent on the ability of the different firms to improve performance through gaining a competitive edge that is sustainable. The main purpose of this study was to find out the competitive strategies used by small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, and to assess the influence the competitive strategies have on the financial performance of the firms. Specifically, the study sought to find out the competitive strategies used by small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, assess the influence of cost leadership strategy on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, evaluate the effect of differentiation on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, establish the influence of cost focus on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, and determine the effect of differentiation focus on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County. The study used a descriptive survey research design, and a census of the firms. Questionnaire was the key instrument of data collection. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The summarized information was presented using tables and charts. The study found out that the dairy enterprises had adopted the differentiation strategy more than the cost leadership, cost focus and differentiation focus strategies as represented by 32% of the respondents. Additionally, from the findings of the study, 67.5% who were the majority of the respondents indicated that cost leadership had influence on the performance of the firms to a moderate extent, while 62.7% agreed that differentiation strategy influenced performance to a very large extent. Cost focus strategy with 31.3% majority and differentiation focus strategy with 44.5% majority also had influenced the performance of the firms positively to a moderate and large extent respectively. This implies that the adoption of Porter’s generic strategies influences the performance of firms. The study concluded that firms use more of the differentiation strategy since it had more influence on sales growth than cost leadership, cost focus, and differentiation focus strategies. It is recommended that a longitudinal and inferential study be carried out on a larger study population of the small and medium dairy firms, which extends beyond Nairobi County. The study recommended that a replication of the study be carried out using more objective measures of performance like profits. The conclusions made from the study findings may be used by managers of both existing firms and new entrants into the industry, who may need to make decisions on what competitive strategies may be suited to their business in order to position themselves in the industry and to improve performance.
Impact of Management on Organizational Performance Among Humanitarian Projects in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
(Tangaza University College, 2020-07) Lainah Changambika, Angeline
Many humanitarian projects operating in Bulawayo have either closed or reduced operational activities. This has negatively affected the beneficiaries. This study addressed the impact of management on organizational performance among humanitarian projects in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The study investigated where the impact of management is emanating from, discussed the managerial practices used by humanitarian projects in their endeavors to bring about sustainable transformation in communities, explored issues prompting human resource performance in humanitarian organizations, examined the role of financial resource management in humanitarian projects and established ways of addressing the impact of management on organizational performance among humanitarian projects. The researcher used descriptive survey design. This study was directed by two theories: Systems Theory and Social Exchange Theory. The target study population was 554. Respondents were human resource managers in humanitarian projects, project managers, beneficiaries and local community leaders. Sample size was 228 participants but with a response rate of 202 respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires comprising open-ended and closed-ended questions, interview schedules and focus group discussions. Structured questions supplemented the questionnaires. Secondary data was collected by reviewing empirical studies. The study used mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) to analyze data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study established that humanitarian organizations in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe are faced with mismanagement of resources, both human and financial, lack of communication and a lack of community involvement in the projects. The study recommends employee training and involvement in decision-making processes as a way of increasing productivity and efficiency. The study also recommends local community involvement in development projects for authentic social transformation.

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