Masters in Social Transformation

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Access to Justice Regarding Property Rights for Widows: A Case of Three Wards in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2019-08) Muteithia, Catherine
The problem investigated by this study was access to justice regarding property rights for widows in Kasarani, Kibera and Kayole wards in Nairobi City County. The injustice suffered by widows in Kenya casts doubts on the equality envisioned in the Constitution of Kenya (2010) and its contribution to sustainable development of the society. This study employed the descriptive research design and made use of the mixed method design as both qualitative and quantitative data was required to provide more comprehensive as well as substantive data. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data through identification of themes concerning challenges affecting widows as they access justice, cultural factors that facilitate the social exclusion of widows, and assess knowledge of existing laws and institutions that may assist the widows. The main objective of this research was to find out the specific areas and strategies that the widows could use to contribute towards property rights and social inclusion for social transformation. The study identified the barriers that stop widows from accessing justice and explored the levels of awareness and avenues of seeking legal redress among widows. The researcher further proposed that if there are interventions by significant others government, NGOs and CBOs, the family, religious institutions- the problem of inaccessible justice would greatly reduce if not eliminated altogether.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS OF KENYA: (A case study of Rusinga Schools in Nairobi County)
(Tangaza University, 2024-07) BEATRICE NABURI NAKHOLI
The aim of this study was to establish the sustainability of managing solid waste in schools in Kenya using Rusinga School as a case study. The study was steered by four objectives namely: exploring the factors that enhance sustainable waste management in schools, assessment of students’ involvement in sustainable waste management in schools, examining the contribution of government policies to enhancing sustainable waste management in schools and an assessment of the contribution of various resources to enhancing sustainable waste management in schools. A descriptive research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and face to face interviews with a target population of 330 students, 7 staff members of Rusinga School, 9 from County Government of Nairobi and 4 from Taka Taka solutions. The sampling procedure was guided by both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Findings showed that factors that enhance sustainable waste management included knowledge and skills reported by 69.9% of the students. Of the students who took part in the study, 16.4% indicated to be knowledgeable of sustainable waste management (SWM) procedure, 16.4% said they lacked training on SWM while 13.6% were indifferent to having had SWM training. With regards to their involvement in sustainable waste management, 71.4% of the students were not directly involved or actively playing a role in the SWM process. However, from the qualitative responses, it was affirmed that there was an enactment of Government policies on SWM although schools are struggling to implement them. Subsequently, 60.7% of the student responses refuted the existence of a structured SWM system and qualitatively the respondents affirmed a lack of adequate resources to managing solid waste among other challenges. The study recommends that awareness creation on waste and training on SWM to enhance knowledge and skills of learners and other stakeholders be carried out. In the long term, the study recommends the introduction of the waste literacy curriculum aimed at behaviour change of students who will then influence the entire community within the community.
Assessment of The Influence of Competitive Strategies on The Financial Performance of Small and Medium Dairy Processors in Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2020-03) Mwangangi, Veronica
The dairy industry in Kenya plays an important role in the creation of employment and food security. It is one of the major drivers which the country is using to achieve the Sustainable Development goals and Kenya Vision 2030. The success of the sector however, is dependent on the ability of the different firms to improve performance through gaining a competitive edge that is sustainable. The main purpose of this study was to find out the competitive strategies used by small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, and to assess the influence the competitive strategies have on the financial performance of the firms. Specifically, the study sought to find out the competitive strategies used by small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, assess the influence of cost leadership strategy on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, evaluate the effect of differentiation on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, establish the influence of cost focus on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County, and determine the effect of differentiation focus on the financial performance of small and medium dairy processors in Nairobi County. The study used a descriptive survey research design, and a census of the firms. Questionnaire was the key instrument of data collection. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The summarized information was presented using tables and charts. The study found out that the dairy enterprises had adopted the differentiation strategy more than the cost leadership, cost focus and differentiation focus strategies as represented by 32% of the respondents. Additionally, from the findings of the study, 67.5% who were the majority of the respondents indicated that cost leadership had influence on the performance of the firms to a moderate extent, while 62.7% agreed that differentiation strategy influenced performance to a very large extent. Cost focus strategy with 31.3% majority and differentiation focus strategy with 44.5% majority also had influenced the performance of the firms positively to a moderate and large extent respectively. This implies that the adoption of Porter’s generic strategies influences the performance of firms. The study concluded that firms use more of the differentiation strategy since it had more influence on sales growth than cost leadership, cost focus, and differentiation focus strategies. It is recommended that a longitudinal and inferential study be carried out on a larger study population of the small and medium dairy firms, which extends beyond Nairobi County. The study recommended that a replication of the study be carried out using more objective measures of performance like profits. The conclusions made from the study findings may be used by managers of both existing firms and new entrants into the industry, who may need to make decisions on what competitive strategies may be suited to their business in order to position themselves in the industry and to improve performance.
Challenges Facing Urban Refugees in Running Small Scale Businesses: A Case of Great Lakes Refugees in Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2017) Maina, Charles Githua
The main objective of this research was to study the challenges facing the urban Great Lakes Refugees doing small scale businesses in Nairobi County - Kenya. The study examined whether the great lakes refugees had legal documents, whether they were able to access finance for small scale businesses, whether they faced security issues while trading in Nairobi County and whether they had capacity to access the market for their products. The study attempted to explain how the urban great lakes refugees acquired and faced the challenges in search of livelihood. A situational analysis was carried out as the background for the formulation of the research problem and a systematic review of literature was conducted to establish the theoretical and conceptual framework. The study methodology used was a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research design. Population of urban great lakes refugees was 468 and those doing small scale businesses were 197. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 respondents to fill the questionnaires, where later four Focused Groups Discussions (FDGs) comprising ten members each were carried out for the verification and complementarity of the questionnaires responses. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics while inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions from the collected data and presented using pie charts, bar graphs, frequency tables and percentages. This was done through Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and Ms Excel. The found that very view urban great lakes refugees had proper legal documents to allow them live and work in Nairobi County, thus living majority of them hidden “illegally” in the public fabric. They involved themselves with all manner of small scale businesses for livelihood. These businesses had no legal permits since they were not registered with the relevant County authorities. They also faced great challenges in accessing finances/loans for start-ups or for growth of their businesses. Majority had received small amount of cash from TUSA only once, which was insufficient and had no capacity to acquire more due to repayment challenges or lack of collateral for the same. They had no capacity to acquire finance from government institutions. On the other hand, those who were venturing into businesses had high challenges on book keeping skills for they lacked financial and management skills. Great lakes refugees living in Nairobi (City) County, faced numerous security issues. These included arrests by police officers, harassment, intimidation, threats, sexual abuse, assaults, thefts and tribal conflicts. They were arrested, harassed and beaten by security agents and money was demanded from them. They faced the similar security challenges from the local citizens. These challenges were attributed to lack or delays in issuing refugee status legal documentations. Closure of Department of Refugee Affairs and fear of deportations blocked majority of refugees from seeking registration or renewal of their documents. The great lakes refugees in small scale businesses faced a challenge to accessing the market and depending with the kinds of products they traded, they took between one to thirty days in selling away their products. Refugees in the urban centres in Nairobi County faced societal challenges too. These included language barriers, lack of formal education, ethnic differences from fellow refugees. They lacked sufficient knowledge or awareness of refugee Acts or policies that facilitated their rights as human persons and therefore the society took advantage of this over them. The study also attempted to analyse the relationship faith and experiences in order to understand how faith, wisdom, experience, traditions and general knowledge kept the refugees moving on with life. The study ended by proposing participatory action – oriented plan and strategies based on short and long term plans. These included meetings, seminars/training workshops, language training, small group’s kitty, creating networks/alliances/collaboration/partnership, lobbying and advocacy, visibility campaigns, co-operative formations, budgeting/fundraising, on- going research, monitoring and evaluation and finally integration programme. All these are aimed to achieve Social Transformation for urban refugees in Nairobi County.
CONTRIBUTION OF FISH FARMING BUSINESS TO YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN KAMUTHANGA VILLAGE, MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2024-05) BAISSA ATAKPA
Fish farming represents significant socio-economic opportunities that can address youth unemployment in various African countries, particularly in the case of Kamuthanga village, Machakos County, Kenya. Despite the presence of abundant fish farming resources in Africa and the efforts made by African governments to promote this sector, youth participation remains limited. This study examined the contribution of fish farming in generating sustainable employment for young people in Kamuthanga village. It had the objective to determine the extent to which the fish farming industry in Kamuthanga, Machakos County, Kenya, contributes to young people’s employment. Two theories were used to develop the theoretical framework of the study namely, entrepreneurship theory and anthropological entrepreneurship theory. The research design adopted for this study is a qualitative case study approach. Triangulation ensured a comprehensive understanding, with in-depth interviews capturing individual perceptions and key informant interviews exploring business opportunities. The study used focus group interviews with unemployed youth, facilitating collective exploration, and employed purposive sampling to ensure valuable insights. A total of twenty-six (26) people participated in this study. Data was analyzed with Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Miner Lite software utilizing a thematic analysis approach, with data organization, coding, and theme development conducted sequentially to align with the study objectives. Results indicated significant opportunities in fish farming, including job creation, income generation, and food security enhancement. The study also identified factors hindering youth involvement, such as water scarcity, financial constraints, and some cultural barriers. Additionally, it revealed a strong demand for training, capacity building, and financial support among Kamuthanga’s youth to enhance their engagement in fish farming. The findings reveal valuable insights into the potential of fish farming as a solution to youth unemployment and shed light on the necessary measures to promote greater youth involvement in the business. The study concludes that fish farming in Kamuthanga village holds promise in alleviating unemployment and poverty, providing economic empowerment, addressing nutritional deficiencies, and enhancing overall food security. The researcher’s recommendations include simplifying the process and reducing the costs of obtaining business licenses, ensuring water availability, offering entrepreneurship and financial literacy training, and facilitating access to microfinance loans and funding opportunities through government or non-governmental organizations.
The Contribution of Indigenous Economic knowledge and Practices to Social Transformation
(Tangaza University College, 2019-06) Sergon Jelagat, Pascalia
The study engages the Endorois ethnic group from Sinende Location of Baringo County in Kenya to examine African indigenous economic knowledge practices to Social Transformation. It incorporates systems, practices and values, and their contribution to maintaining social well-being and economic equity. Further, it attempts to show that negative elements of the neo-liberal capitalist model such as individualism, greed and ecological destruction can be re-balanced by the adoption of African indigenous economic practices and values. In doing so, the study seeks to demonstrate how displacing indigenous economic practices and values affect the community. Linking indigenous economic knowledge, practices, and values to social transformation, the study seeks to establish that both share similar approaches to achieving an egalitarian community. The study adopted an ethnographic approach. Capability Approach theory, and the Balanced-Growth theory, together with the Kalenjin philosophy of maat supported the study. Data were gathered through observation and participation in the community’s activities, events and ceremonies, one-to-one in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key informants and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Endorois Councils of Elders. The participants, during this fields work, were purposively selected with help from community’s influencers from Lake Bogoria and Sinende areas of Endorois community. The selection of participants focused on those who were considered knowledgeable in culture and history of the Endorois. The findings of the study show that indigenous economic practices and values of the Endorois accords every member of the community a ‘universal right’ to procure wealth while prohibiting the destruction of nature’s resources. The findings also point out that abandonment of African indigenous economic system and adoption of neo-liberal economic model could be key amongst causes of social, economic and ecological crises experienced in Africa and particularly by Endorois community. The findings further propose that re-engaging Endorois indigenous economic practices and values can pave the way for social transformation and reduce individualism, economic inequality, and destruction of natural resources.
CONTRIBUTION OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS TO FOOD SECURITY AMONG THE BAYAKA OF BELEMBOKE I AND BELEMBOKE IV IN NOLA, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
(2024-08) Yonlonfoun Ishola Anselme
Land and food security are crucial issues that impact people everywhere, but they are especially vital for indigenous communities around the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of land tenure systems to food security among the Bayaka of Belemboke I and Belemboke IV, in the Central African Republic. The study specific’s objectives were to assess land tenure systems’ contribution on food security, to appraise the impact of land tenure security on food security and, to identify a social transformational framework for land tenure systems and food security among the Bayaka of Belemboke I and Belemboke IV in Nola, Central African Republic. The study was anchored on Functional differentiation theory, "Zo kwe Zo" perspective, and Lockean proviso theory. Using an ethnological approach, 59 youth and adult participants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. Data collection methods used were interview guides, focus group discussions guide and observations guide. Triangulation ensured trustworthiness, and thematic analysis was used. In alignment with (SDG 15) Life on Land, (SDG 2) Zero Hunger, (SDG 16) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions and ILO Convention 169, the research revealed a strong connection between land tenure security and food security for the Bayaka, highlighting the importance of land rights for their sustenance and well-being. Private land ownership enhances FS despite communal resource changes. Disparities between villages, especially Belemboke I's stable LTS, foster community development despite encroachment and disputes. The findings highlight the interdependence of LTSs and FS, underscoring the need for collaborative approaches to address the complex challenges faced by indigenous communities. The outcome of the study could enhance land and food security for the Bayaka by improving sustainable cultural practices into innovative environmental conservation efforts.
Determinants of Public Participation on Women's Leadership in Nyatike Sub County, Migori County, Kenya
(Tangaza University, 2024-10) MILLICENT DOROTHY KAJIMBA
This study investigates the determinants of public participation in women's leadership in Nyatike Sub County, Migori County, Kenya. It specifically examines the factors influencing women’s involvement in decision-making processes, assesses the impact of institutional policies on women's leadership, and evaluates the effectiveness of public participation mechanisms in enhancing women's leadership within the region. Guided by feminist, public administration, and participatory development theories, the research employed a mixed-methods design utilizing a convergent parallel approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population consisted of men and women leaders aged 18 years and above, with a sample size of 200 respondents selected through stratified random sampling for quantitative data and purposive sampling for qualitative insights. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides, with subsequent analysis performed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that socio-cultural factors, including traditional gender roles and family responsibilities, significantly impede women's participation in decision-making, affecting 55% of respondents. Institutional policies were shown to have limited effectiveness, as only 28% of participants recognized their role in promoting women's leadership. Moreover, public participation mechanisms were underutilized, with only 45% of respondents indicating meaningful engagement in decision-making processes. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and chi-square tests, indicated weak associations between gender distribution, monthly income, and institutional biases. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of sociocultural constraints and inadequate institutional support as significant barriers to women's leadership in Nyatike Sub County. To enhance women’s participation in leadership roles, the study recommends the implementation of gender sensitization programs aimed at challenging entrenched traditional norms, policy reforms to strengthen institutional frameworks, and the promotion of inclusive public participation initiatives to ensure women’s voices are meaningfully incorporated into decision-making processes. Additionally, the study advocates for further research to investigate additional factors influencing women’s leadership participation and to assess the long-term impact of the proposed interventions on women’s roles in leadership.
Determinants of Socio-Economic Empowerment of Karamojong Women in Napak District, Uganda
(Tangaza University College, 2020) Sarah, Marie A. K.
The study was about the socio-economic empowerment of women and was carried out at Napak District of Karamoja region in Uganda. This study examined how women’s income generating activities, available financial services, women representation in decision making and cultural transformation of community influence the socio-economic empowerment of the women of Napak District. The study employed mixed method. The study sampled 388 respondents who were selected through both probability and non-probability sampling methods with quantitative and qualitative design. The sample comprised of 388 respondents. Purposive and snowball techniques were used for selection of focus groups discussion members and interviewees. Quantitative data was analyzed following the research objectives using descriptive statistics with support of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) while thematic and content analysis was done for the qualitative data. The themes were based on the objectives of the study. The study found out that food chain related businesses like cereal business, catering and hotel services, beer brewing and sale, vegetables business are sustainable and most profitable. Livestock business is still out of the domain of women due to cultural constraints, distances and the capital involved. Women involved in business are more sustainable, though their entrepreneur skills are not adequate. The study also found out that, women are not familiar with the available financial services as there is not a single bank in the district. In the area of influence of women in decision-making, the findings indicate that women leaders on the lower cadres are a source of inspiration and knowledge for other women. Those on national and county levels are not close to the women as to understand their situation as they only come when duty calls. Another finding was that the traditional culture of the Karamojong of Napak District still remains strong especially the retrogressive customs like wife inheritance, polygamy, early marriages, women domestication and forced marriages. In conclusion, self-help groups seem to be the best option of empowerment for the women of Napak District as the community resources dictate but there is need of human resource empowerment and creations of links both within and with the neighbouring districts for fair business deals. There is an urgent need of financial literacy for the independence of the businesses of the women. While in the area of retrogressive practices, the women need the support of the government for enforcement of the laws, as the practices are still quite strong. The study recommends that entrepreneurial skills of women be further developed as the most sustainable source of income. In order to engage in major businesses women need to have access and knowledge on financial management and services. The government needs to provide this service through banks. Women in decision-making positions are encouraged to create networks and programmes for systemically educating women on what government offers and on fitting empowerment strategies. Further study is required in the area of the retrogressive practices in Karamoja especially on early and forced marriages as they merge closely with traditional marriages.
Developing a Holistic Resolution Framework to Address the Conflict in South, Central Somalia
(Tangaza University College, 2018-03) R. A. Owinow, George
Since 1991, Somalia has been in a state of conflict, particularly in the South and Central regions. Several attempts to reconstruct the state have failed and the current African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) peace process is not guaranteed to succeed either. The multi–dimensionality of intractable conflicts requires that interveners understand the system of conflicts from various perspectives and approach it comprehensively. This study was guided by three objectives: First, to establish the underlying causes of the conflict particularly in South and Central Somali through an analysis. Second, through study and review of literature to explore and determine appropriate measures to address the issues underlying and driving the conflict, and lastly, to develop a suitable conflict resolution framework that will address the conflict in a holistic manner. The research was conducted in parts of South, and Central Somalia experiencing the conflict. The research has adopted two theories related to conflict. These are Karl Marx’s theory of conflict and Morton Devesch theory of conflict resolution which recognizes the existence of opposing forces in society due to competing interests. The guiding theory of Devesch adapted by this research contends that conflict resolution factors such as goals, aims and issues are pivotal in determining the success of the resolution mechanisms adopted by negotiators. A descriptive research design with a qualitative approach was used in the study. The target group for this study included elected persons from groups deemed to be directly involved and affected by the conflict such as leaders at all levels, Somali elders, religious leaders, women, the youth and the security agencies involved in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The research used a non –probability sampling technique which sought to involve a number of respondents that form a fair representation of the people affected by the conflict and those involved in its resolutions. Data collected was analysed qualitatively to generate information on the respondents view on key issues addressed. The study found that the conventional method of resolving conflict in a Politico-Security fashion was inadequate in addressing some fundamental issues. It was therefore necessary to adopt a more holistic approach to address most of the issues. The framework designed to address the issues combined peace research theory and peace practice by practitioners who must work together in the resolution process. The research further emphasizes the need for close coordination and synchronization of activities in time and space to ensure success. More research is therefore recommended in the area of coordination of the resolution process.
Effective Pastoral Leadership in The Small Christian Communities for Evangelization in Tigania Deanery, Meru Catholic Diocese, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2019) Muthamia, Stephen Mbae
Leading others is a challenge, a great opportunity which includes serious responsibilities. This requires one to be passionate when serving people, it also calls for skills, commitment and great sacrifice to evangelize the people. However this does not seem to be the case in pastoral leadership of Meru catholic Diocese in Tigania Deanery. The research identified pastoral leadership skills needed for effective evangelization in the small Christian communities in Tigania Deanery, Meru Diocese. The general objective of this study was to investigate into the required skills and competencies needed in pastoral leadership for effective participatory and responsive leadership in Tigania Deanery, and to come up with action plan on how to equip leaders with those skills. The research has dealt with a review of the available literature, which demonstrates the need to cultivate skills and competencies for effective evangelizing Christians in Tigania deanery in Meru Diocese. The study employed both qualitative and quantitate research methods. The researcher used mixed method design, qualitative design that enabled to analyze the data using frequencies table, and in-depth interviews. Quantitative design we use the questionnaire to help the researcher get statistical data analysis. The researcher used purposive and random sampling methods of qualitative research. Simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used during data collection. That enables research to take place in the communities. The structure of investigation conceived helped in obtaining answers to questions. Data analysis was done using SPSS that used descriptive statistics. The findings on effective pastoral leadership for evangelizations expressed, lacks skills and competencies. The findings confirmed that pastoral leaders in Tigania deanery lacks leadership skills for evangelizing effectively in the SCCs. The findings could draw conclusion that it is important for pastoral leaders to undergo training programs because most of them have been chosen yet they absolutely lack leadership skills. More comprehensive studies should be undertaken to include a larger population in order to ascertain whether effective pastoral leadership in the SCCs in the Diocese is apostolate oriented.
Effects of Airport Development on the Kenyan Economy: A Case of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
(Tangaza University College, 2018-07) Hussein I., Amin
The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of airport development on economic development in Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine employment creation, revenue generation and cost of air transportation as the specific objectives. The objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between airport employment creation and economic development of Kenya, to evaluate the effect of airport revenue generation on the economic development of Kenya and to determine the effect of the cost of air transportation on the economic development of Kenya. The descriptive research design was used in this study and the sampling method was purposive sampling. 304 respondents were drawn from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The respondents were drawn purposively based on their knowledge in matters concerning the development of various aspects of the airport. Therefore, the researcher investigated JKIA’s development in relation to employment creation, revenue generation and cost of airport transportation. Primary data was collected through administration of questionnaires. Data collected during the study was then sorted, organized, entered and analysed using Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program where descriptive analysis was carried out. The study findings indicate that there is an expected upsurge in the levels of employment with the building of an airport. With the upsurge in employment opportunities and the growth of businesses around an airport, the resultant effect will be an increase in revenue collection. The increase in revenue generation portends better times for both governments as there is a better chance for implementation of programs meant for the betterment of the population. Policy implication of these findings means that the Kenyan government should increase budgetary allocation in the improvement of both international and local airports considering their economic viability.
Effects of Climate Change on Women's Socio-Economic Development in Mwea East Sub-County, Kirinyaga County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2023-10-02) Mwai, Eva
Climate change has had adverse impacts on people’s lives and the economies of nations across the globe. This research examined effects of climate change on socio-economic development of women in Mwea East sub County, Kirinyaga County. The study was conducted in Ngucwi sub Location, Murinduko Ward, Mwea East sub County, Kirinyaga County. The study explored how climate change events continue to threaten food security, health and income levels among women. The study used descriptive research design and integrated qualitative and quantitative approaches. The researcher used purposive sampling to select Mwea East sub County in Kirinyaga County which has experienced frequency and severity of climate change events of drought. Cluster sampling was used to divide the sample among the different villages. Systematic random sampling was used to select households in each village. Out of the population of 38,734 women of ages 18 years to 69 years; a sample size of 449 was calculated. A semi-structured questionnaire was also used to collect data. Additionally, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather qualitative information. Quantitative data from questionnaires was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis while thematic and content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study found that climate change was negatively related to food security, a relationship which was statistically significant. The study further found that climate change had a positive relationship with women's health issues but this was insignificant. However, climate change was found to be negatively and significantly related to women’s income. The study findings may provide policy and decision-makers with useful information to guide the design of appropriate social-economic programmes to protect women from the adverse effects of climate change. The study recommends ways in which women in Mwea East sub County can participate more actively in mitigation and adaptation programmes of climate change effects.
Effects of Gender Stereotyping on Women’s Social Development: A Case of Urbanized Turkana Women In Eldoret Town-Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2018-09) Nahayo, Odette
This study investigates and presents effects of gender stereotyping on urbanized Turkana women’s social development in Eldoret, Kenya. It identifies the cultural factors influencing their involvement in social development, while discussing how these women can impact their own social development. The study also examines the role of local leaders in addressing gender stereotyping, while suggesting strategies that would address it and improve urbanized Turkana women’s participation in social development. The study used mixed method approach and applied Convergent Parallel Research Design. Two theories guided the study, namely Consciousness Raising and Radical Feminist theories. The sample size was 549 respondents involving 150 Turkana and 399 non-Turkana. Data was gathered by means of questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS for quantitative, and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings revealed that gender stereotyping has a negative moderate relationship with women’s social development with “r” value of -0.337, while statistically influencing it since “p” = 0.000, which is less than 0.05, the ideal value. Results also demonstrate that there is a negative weak relationship between cultural factors and women’s social development with “r” = -0.131, and statistically influence it since “p” = 0.015, less than 0.05. Similarly, findings indicate that there is a negative weak relationship between local leaders and women’s social development with “r” = -0.201, and that they have a statistical influence on women’s social development since “p”= 0.000 and it is less than the ideal value. Based on these results, the researcher proposes an action plan as a way forward. One of the proposed activities is the sensitization of Eldoret local leaders and the community on effects of gender stereotyping. The creation of support groups for women, which helps them to work together and raise their voices is another key factor. The researcher believes that the findings in this study will contribute to the fight against gender stereotyping everywhere in the world. The study also points out areas of further studies in the future for academics.
ETHICAL FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RESPONSE TO CHANGE IN FAITH BASED HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University College, 2023-10-02) Mose Rodah Bonaneri
This study investigated the ethical factors affecting employee response to change with a focus on Faith based Health Organizations. The following objectives guided the study; 1) To investigate how ethical leadership, affect employee response to change. 2) To explore how employee ethical attitudes, affect employee response to change. 3) To investigate how ethical organizational culture, affect employee response to change. The study was anchored on two theories namely, utilitarianism and virtue ethics. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design and face-to-face in-depth interviews to collect data from 24 respondents in Faith-based Health Organizations. The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that employees may accept or resist changes depending on the ethicality of leadership, employee attitudes, and/or organizational culture. Employee response to change was found to be affected by factors like the leader's character and values, the employees' own personal values, and the organization's overall ethical culture.
Examining the Social Economic Strategies That Influence Organizational Sustainability of Community Development Programs: A Case of Good Shepherd Programs, Meru County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2023-10-10) Murungi Teresia Kathure
Community Development Projects (CDPs) represent an important role in supporting communities to address their immediate social economic problems. However, most of these projects collapse as soon as their prominent donors withdraw. This study intended to establish reasons for project failure and subsequent lack of sustainability. The principal objective of this study was to examine social economic strategies that influence the sustainability of community development projects in Meru County, Kenya, with specific reference to Good Shepherd Programs. The research was anchored on stakeholder theory supported by systems theory. The study used a mixed-method research design. A convergent parallel mixed approach was used to combine qualitative and quantitative data to deliver a comprehensive examination of the research problem. A population of 63 program staff, 4 program directors and 4 parent mentors groups (FGDs) were used to provide the data. For qualitative survey, the 4 Sub-counties formed the sampling frame with each sub-county having one Focused Group discussion (FGD). Eight parent mentors were picked through snowballing where the first identified parents’ mentor randomly picked from each sub-county helped to identify the next 7 other parents’ mentors based on their availability to take part in the FGDs. However, the research relied heavily on quantitative techniques through questionnaires. Purposive, census, and snowball sampling were used to select the study participants. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 through descriptive and thematic analysis. Data from interviews was organized into themes and presented in narrative form and direct quotes. Descriptive statistics generated in the form of frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the quantitative data and presented in frequency distribution tables. The study concluded that there were numerous organizational strategies affecting sustainability of Good Shepherd Programs in Meru County. These ranged from staff involvement, program planning, communication, strategic plans implementation to stakeholder engagement. Consequently, this study suggests a wide range of proposals aimed at making the Good Shepherd Programs more effective and sustainable. Some of them include informed participation, awareness creation, communal ownership of projects, transformation and visionary leadership, development ofstaff capacities, transparent and accurate financial accountability, and elimination of dependency on donor support
Factors Enhancing the Sustainability of Informal Businesses for Burundian Women Refugees in Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Tangaza University College, 2019-05) Nininahazwe, Bella
This study sought to find out ways to enhance the sustainability of informal businesses for Burundian Women refugees (BWRs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by three specific objectives: first, to explore how human capital enhances the sustainability of informal businesses. Second, to explain the influence of social capital on the sustainability of informal business. Third, it is to identify the extent to which financial capital influences the sustainability of informal businesses for BWRs in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection. The target population for this study was BWRs living in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample size for the study composed of 292 BWRs. The research used purposive sampling. Data collected was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to generate information of what respondents answered based on open and closed-ended questions, one on one and telephone interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD).The study found out that the barriers to sustainability of informal businesses for BWRs were inadequate education, inadequate vocational training, lack of training skills, language barrier, lack of legal documentations such as mandate and alien card, work permit /business permit, residence permit, high level of competition with locals, police harassment, gender based violence (GBV), insecurity, poor networking, and inaccessibility to credit facilities. Accordingly, 99% BWRs were involved in informal businesses, all BWRs were not attending school (100%) and 63.5% were not involved in any vocational training. Therefore, the study has proposed a transformative action plan to sustain informal businesses for BWRs including mobilization to create awareness on BWRs’ challenges and how to handle them as a community, providing adequate education, vocational training, training skills to strengthen human capital through educating BWRs, lobbying and advocacy to bring awareness of those issues in the community and networking to connect BWRs with other women in the host community as well as visibility campaign/ research to create awareness where knowledge will be shared internationally and locally.
FACTORS LEADING TO CONFLICTS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF DANDORA DUMPSITE IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2019-08) KAMALA PIYABALO
The purpose of this study was to explore the socio-economic factors leading to conflicts in managing solid waste in Dandora. Waste management has become a lucrative business for the survival of Kenyan society because of extreme poverty and social imbalance. This leads to a conflict of interest among stakeholders intervening in waste management. The study used social conflict theory and waste management theory. The study adopted a correlative research design and mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used to present the relationship between socio-economic factors and conflict in waste management. The research used random sampling technique to select 359 participants responded to questionnaire survey because the number of waste collector and cartels is unknown and 40 respondents were interviewed. The researcher did 7 days observation on the dumpsite. The interview schedule and questionnaires survey were administrated to the local community, City County of Nairobi, interest and organized group, and waste collectors in the private and public sector. The SPSS package version 21 was used for the regression analysis to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and conflict in waste management for quantitative data and thematic analysis was used to categorize different topics and determine major themes for qualitative data. The key finds for social factors are unemployment, weakness of authorities, and insecurity, social imbalance, and women rape, lack of awareness. The key findings for economic factors are conflict of interest, competition, corruption, and economic control, for instance, 63.1% of the respondents strongly agreed that the relocation of the dumpsite will affect them economically. And 60% of the respondents are against to the displacement of the dumpsite from Dandora and 37.5% want the dumpsite to be relocated because of its negative effect. For example, six respondents said that the dumpsite is a hideout for criminals who kill and commit robberies in the neighborhood. The hypotheses tested confirmed that socio-economic factors are the main causes of conflict in waste management. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should provide permanent security in the dumpsite, and offer the popular education and free education for the community living around the dumpsite of Dandora. The government of Kenya should provide decent and affordable housing system for the vulnerable household. The Nairobi County government should create job opportunities by introducing the waste management technology which will transform the dumpsite to waste industry. The government should elaborate proper policies in waste management and specifically Dandora dumpsite. For the action plan, the researcher plans the advocacy for social justice based on the equal access for free education for most of the vulnerable of Dandora. The researcher intends to reach County government of Nairobi and parliament to advocate for vulnerable street children of Dandora and victims of negative effects of the dumpsite of Dandora.
Factors Leading to Dependency on Donor Aid: Case of Kianda Village, Kibera Informal Settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Tangaza University College, 2015-06) Musyoka Nzioki, Hillary
This study sought to establish the factors leading to dependence on donor Aid in Kianda village in the larger Kibera Slum of Nairobi County, Kenya. It has been observed that the residents of Kianda are highly dependent on donor Aid channeled through CBOs working to address various problems in Kianda. The problem that the study sought to address can be defined in the following manner: due to interplay of factors such as politics, scarcity of resources, economic instability and psychosocial drawbacks, the residents of Kianda village are caught in a situation of crippling poverty which leads them to dependency on Aid and into further poverty. This was done by classifying the various factors whose interplay leads to dependence and aggravates poverty. At the heart of the problem is a modus operandi which is detrimental in the long run for the residents of Kianda, who despite the numerous projects implemented for them, still live in a situation of chronic poverty. The research methodology consisted of a mixed approach where both qualitative and quantitative data which was collected by use of questionnaires and group discussions were analyzed. Use of extensive literature review on informal settlements, as well as interview guide for group discussions were used to compliment the study. A total of 141 respondents were selected for the interview, with 121 of these being the residents of Kianda and the remaining 20 being Managers and coordinators of CBOs. Of these, 100 questionnaires issued to the residents were returned, as were 17 issued to CBOs. The data analysis was done using SPSS and the findings discussed extensively. The findings show that Kianda residents are dependent on Aid. It was also established that politics and poor governance play a negative role in leading to dependence. Further, it was found that poor education, disempowerment of the residents as well as lack of employment opportunities lead to the high levels of dependence on donor Aid. Lastly, it was found that the CBOs play a contributory role in the Aid dependency syndrome by taking on board most of the responsibilities in developmental projects. The study therefore concluded that the dependence on donor Aid in Kianda village is crippling the growth of the residents. It also concluded that the residents of Kianda need to play a central role in their own development instead of being indifferent to it. The study recommends a re-education and social inclusion be done to transform the situation of poverty in Kianda and trigger true development. This calls for all the parties to be involved actively in this transformation. It further recommends that government adopts policies which empower the residents to own their own development such as security of land tenure and implementation of reform agenda. Furthermore, CBOs are encouraged to play their role of advocacy and lobby for the residents so as true transformation can be achieved.
Family Participation in Alleviating Insecurity in Umoja I Ward of the Nairobi County
(Tangaza University College, 2019-01) Njue Njeru, John
Despite Umoja 1 ward of the Nairobi County drawing up of the strategic plan (2014-2018) which included decision to combat insecurity, no concrete strategies were put in place to address the concern. This study sought to find strategies the family unit could adopt to alleviate insecurity in study area for sustainable social transformation. The objectives of the study were to identify the sources of insecurity, find out what roles the family unit could undertake to alleviate insecurity, reviewing conditions that hindered the family unit from playing an effective role in alleviating insecurity and proposing workable strategies that could be put in place to enable the family unit play an effective role in enhancing security in the study location. The descriptive research design involving both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to access the data using focus group discussion guide and questionnaires as research instruments. The study target population was 373 families living in Umoja 1 ward. Based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling size table, 180 participants constituted the study size obtained through purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The data was analyzed through the use of Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study found out that, lack of security education and formation, exclusion of the family in security matters, laxity by security enforcement agents, unemployment and weakening of the family values constituted sources of insecurity. The study found out that, individuals as well as the institutions within the society ,including the family had a role to play in alleviating insecurity in Umoja 1 ward; especially through joining Nyumba Kumi, training the children on security matters, putting security measures in their locality, enhancing collaboration with the neighbors on security matters, reporting insecurity incidences to the concerned agents and sharing of vital information with security agents constituted important family unit contribution to security. Rampart security breaches which were reported and never resolved such as robbery with violence, house breaking, muggings and abduction constituted of conditions that hindered the family from playing an effective role in enhancing security. More specifically, ignorance on security matters, lack of employment, high levels of poverty, technological challenges and corruption was noted as critical hindrances to the family ability to contribute towards sustainable security. Further, the study found out that, civic education, training on security matters, use of social media, use of creative arts, information sharing with the security agents and enhancement of legal frameworks constituted key strategies that could be used through the family unit to contribute towards sustainable security. The study recommended that, there was a need for inter- ministerial action plan whereby, the ministry of Education should develop a curriculum on security matters targeting the upper primary classes up to tertiary level, while the ministry of Interior and internal coordination should come up with integrated system of communication that allows for effective and efficient systems of communication and sharing on vital information to security agents. Finally, the government to take a facilitative role in helping the civil societies effectively participate in alleviating insecurity through civic education. The implication of these findings provided a roadmap towards security paradigm shift, where security planners would consider, prescribe and assign proactive roles of security to the family. The way forward was to come up with pro-activities that translated the study findings into concrete actions which involved, but not limited to; providing educational seminars, visibility campaigns, advocacy, further research and legal adaptation with a view of enhancing responsibility and accountability by all those that insecurity reality affects.

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