Institute of Social Transformation

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GOOD GOVERNANCE AS A MEANS TO PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE IN EASTERN EQUATORIA STATE, SOUTH SUDAN
(Tangaza University, 2021-06) JOHN OPI SEVERINO ODUAYI
This study examined whether good governance could be a means to peaceful coexistence in Eastern Equatoria State, and determined how partnerships between the government and non-state actors may lead to peaceful coexistence in the state. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods to address the problem. The study targeted the state actors, Church leaders, community leaders and leaders of Civil Society Organizations in Eastern Equatoria State (EES). The study used stratified random sampling procedure, which is probability technique to select 205 participants from the state actors, Church leaders, community leaders and leaders of Civil Society Organizations. The study also used surveys and focus group discussions as instruments of data collection. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the support of Statistical Package for Social Science SSPS version 21. The study was anchored on theories of good governance, collaborative governance and democratic peace. The study established that despite the existence of the laws of South Sudan, the principles of good governance are still elusive. The government and Churches in EES, are faced with numerous governance challenges such as; poor leadership, poor governance, corruption, military rule and inter communal conflicts. The study recommends capacity building for leaders by the Catholic Diocese of Torit and Civil Society Organizations. In so doing, the local government in EES, can mobilize the people to work for social transformation, leading to peaceful coexistence among all peoples. The study also suggests practical representation of Churches in the state parliament to mentor policy making processes for the common good. Additionally, the study urges the state government to: promote and facilitate frequent free and fair democratic elections, genuine reform of the army, and ethnic balance in the membership of law enforcement agencies. This would give a sense of inclusion to all the communities. Finally, the study recommends that the state government in EES, the Churches and the Civil Society Organizations fight corruption by following the social teachings of the Church, employing qualified people in various positions, and being ethical and truthful in their service to the people.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS OF KENYA: (A case study of Rusinga Schools in Nairobi County)
(Tangaza University, 2024-07) BEATRICE NABURI NAKHOLI
The aim of this study was to establish the sustainability of managing solid waste in schools in Kenya using Rusinga School as a case study. The study was steered by four objectives namely: exploring the factors that enhance sustainable waste management in schools, assessment of students’ involvement in sustainable waste management in schools, examining the contribution of government policies to enhancing sustainable waste management in schools and an assessment of the contribution of various resources to enhancing sustainable waste management in schools. A descriptive research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and face to face interviews with a target population of 330 students, 7 staff members of Rusinga School, 9 from County Government of Nairobi and 4 from Taka Taka solutions. The sampling procedure was guided by both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Findings showed that factors that enhance sustainable waste management included knowledge and skills reported by 69.9% of the students. Of the students who took part in the study, 16.4% indicated to be knowledgeable of sustainable waste management (SWM) procedure, 16.4% said they lacked training on SWM while 13.6% were indifferent to having had SWM training. With regards to their involvement in sustainable waste management, 71.4% of the students were not directly involved or actively playing a role in the SWM process. However, from the qualitative responses, it was affirmed that there was an enactment of Government policies on SWM although schools are struggling to implement them. Subsequently, 60.7% of the student responses refuted the existence of a structured SWM system and qualitatively the respondents affirmed a lack of adequate resources to managing solid waste among other challenges. The study recommends that awareness creation on waste and training on SWM to enhance knowledge and skills of learners and other stakeholders be carried out. In the long term, the study recommends the introduction of the waste literacy curriculum aimed at behaviour change of students who will then influence the entire community within the community.
INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AMONG CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2024-10) NJAGI KARIUKI BERNARD
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly becoming part of the corporate world. However, the impact of the charitable organizations engaging in their own CSR activities apart from the donor objectives on their financial performance is not clearly understood. Most research has dwelt on corporate social responsibility impact on profit making corporations; leaving a gap of research on the financial sustainability of charitable organizations resulting from their CSR activities. Some information on the impact of CSR on not-for-profit organizations would add knowledge to this field. This motivated the need for this study. The specific objectives are establishing the influence of CSR initiated environmental conservation activities on financial sustainability of charitable organizations; the influence of CSR initiated social activities on financial sustainability of charitable organizations and the influence of CSR initiated economic activities on financial sustainability of charitable organizations in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was premised on the social entrepreneurship, stakeholder, and agency theories. Anthropological entrepreneurship theory is recommended as theory which can support the three theories for better results. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of this study included managers and staff of the charitable organizations in Nakuru County. The study estimated a target population of 50 charitable organizations. It used purposive sampling procedure involving a population of 150 individuals as a sample size. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze data using means and standard deviations. This involved use of frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion to analyze data. Regression analysis was also used to determine how the independent variables influenced the dependent variable collectively. Questionnaires were used as data collecting instruments, and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The research found a relationship between CSR activities and financial sustainability with all having a mean of over 3 against the mid-point of 2.5, and a standard deviation less than one implying that there were little variations in the responses. CSR initiated economic activities are important to the financial performance of charitable organizations in the area. The multiple linear regression indicates that, put together, several CSR activities can contribute to financial sustainability of charitable organizations. The research recommends that more variables can be covered in the area in order to arrive at a more informative study. Moreover, comparative studies for future to find out if it would give different results from descriptive studies can be done. Further studies will also enhance the scope of the current masterpiece.
STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS’ PROJECTS FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN DUNGU SUB-COUNTY, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
(Tangaza University, 2022-11) GIMIKO TUNGUSE EMMANUEL
Poverty alleviation projects are some of the main activities being implemented by Non-Governmental Organisations in Dungu Sub-County to enhance quality of life for displaced victims of the Lord’s Resistance Army’s civil wars. However, the implementation of these projects has ignored the need to advance good education, human dignity, food security, healthcare and income generation. This study sought to: assess the influence of NGO project leadership; NGO project structure; NGO project resources; and NGO donor policy on social transformation in Dungu Sub-County, Democratic Republic of Congo. This research was anchored on transformational leadership theory, systems theory and Barney’s resource based view theory. The study used a descriptive research design, in which the target population comprised of 1600 employees working in the registered NGOs, key informants from community leaders, church leaders, and representatives of the displaced victims. The Nassiuma scientific formula was used to get the sample size of 197 respondents. To pick respondents in each strata, the study used simple random sampling. The key informants were chosen using a purposeful sampling strategy based on their understanding of the study subject. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS version 25. The study found that NGO employees had a clear vision to implement strategies for better outcomes to a low extent. The study also found that the NGO employees indicated that there was moderation in the clarity of writing down the procedures and the NGOs employees did not clearly explain the procedures to be followed to the displaced victims’ representatives. Another finding was that the NGO employees indicated that there was moderation on the NGOs recruitment and training of enough employees to assist in the strategic implementation of projects which led to a skill gap. It was found from the NGO employees that the donors moderately outlined how the funds donated should be used by the NGOs but the donor agencies also gave the timelines for the strategic implementation of specific projects in moderation. The study therefore concluded that there was a positive correlation between strategy implementation of NGOs projects on social transformation. The study recommends that the NGOs’ leaders should have a clear vision of the projects being implemented for enhanced social transformation of displaced victims. It is also recommended that NGOs should ensure that the procedures for the activities being undertaken are clearly written down to guide operations. Another recommendation is that the NGOs should ensure that they recruit and train enough personnel to take part in the implementation of strategies for social transformation. This study also recommends that all donor agencies should ensure that their policies are clearly outline on how the funds they donate should be used by the NGOs.
Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Persons Living with Disabilities on Governments’ Poverty Alleviation Strategies in Transmara- West Sub County, Narok County, Kenya
(Tangaza University, 2022-08) NYABUTO N. EVERLINE
The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of persons living with disabilities (PLWDs) in Transmara-West sub-county, Narok County on governments’ poverty alleviation strategies. The study's goals were to document PLWDs' actual experiences with services for job, education, and healthcare. The study was anchored on economic empowerment and social theories of disability. The study employed a qualitative phenomenology research design. The target population was PLWDs in Transmara West Sub-County. Non-probability sampling, specifically, snowball sampling was employed in the study to select three visually impaired and nine physically challenged persons and data was collected until data saturation was reached. An interview guide and an observation checklist were used in collecting data. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that PLWDs needed equal opportunities in terms of access to education, employment and healthcare in order to be self-reliant. It was also established that implementation of government policies relating to persons living with disabilities was not effectively done as some participants had not benefited from the strategies that were laid down in their favour. The study recommended the reinforcement of inclusive education, including capitation for procurement of teaching and learning materials for the SNE learners and more special needs education (SNE) teachers to be trained. In addition, enforcement of the five percent reservation of employment opportunities for PLWDs outlined in the Constitution of Kenya (2010) is crucial for the conditions of PLWDs to improve. Finally, the study recommended that the medical charges need to be subsidized for PLWDs and more health facilities to be built. It is anticipated that this study could be utilized to provide the government with a better understanding of how to successfully implement poverty alleviation strategies among the PLWDs.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN MATSANGONI WARD, KILIFI COUNTY KENYA
(2022-08) MIRAJI KIBWANA SULEIMAN
The goal of this research was to look into the socioeconomic factors that influence agricultural development in the Matsangoni area of Kilifi County, Kenya. The study's objectives were to evaluate, determine, establish, and assess the impact of infrastructure and storage facilities, farmer educational level, cost of production/inputs, and access to credit on agricultural development in the study area. A sample of 201 respondents comprising 200 farmers and 1 Agricultural officer was reached via stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedures. The study was anchored on the Shultz theory of agricultural development supported by Adam Smith’s Theory of development. The data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Descriptive, inferential and thematic analysis have been used to analyze the data presented in the form of tables. The data collected indicate that 132 participants had Agriculture as the main source of income. The highest number of farmers had murram roads access but generally, farmers do not have good road access. The findings further indicated that lack of proper storage facilities is a major challenge, while majority of participants did not have access to any agricultural training or information. There is only one Ward Agriculture officer serving the entire sub county. Only 25% of the participants are able to buy seeds, fertilizers and hire machinery to use on their farms. Only 28.28% of the participants have been able to receive loans and credit to support their farm work. These indicate a difficulty in access to agricultural training, relative high cost of inputs and inability to access credit facilities. The study recommends to relevant authorities to take necessary steps to address the issues of infrastructural (road and Storage) development, agricultural training schools, increase of extension officers, availing of affordable credit facilities. The study aims to act as a discourse of the policy initiatives in addressing rural agricultural management in Kenya and to provide the basis for the identification of key issues on the successful policy formulation of agricultural management. The information from this study will be disseminated to the stakeholders and wider audience through publishing the findings in various academic platforms and agricultural journals.
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN CONFLICT ESCALATION IN MAU FOREST COMPLEX IN NAROK COUNTY, KENYA
(Tangaza University, 2024-10) PAUL OGANDA MORUKA
The Mau Forest Complex is a critical ecosystem as it plays a vital role in providing various ecological benefits, including water regulation, carbon sequestration, and habitat preservation. However, unsustainable practices such as illegal logging, encroachment, and agriculture have resulted in significant degradation. - The Mau Forest Complex is Kenya’s important water tower. Important rivers that flow into Lake Victoria such as River Nile, the longest one in the world originate there. The study aims to establish the role of environmental degradation in conflict escalation in Mau Forest complex in Narok County, using a mixed methods approach of quantitative and qualitative design. The study was guided by for objectives; 1) To Establish the level of Environmental Degradation in the Mau Forest Complex. 2) To Identify the factors contributing to the Conflict escalations in the Mau Forest Complex 3)To establish the relationship between environmental degradation and Conflict Escalation in the Mau Forest Complex and 4) To recommend the necessary measures to mitigate the environmental degradation in Conflict escalation in the Mau Forest Complex in Narok County , Kenya A sample of 134 was drawn from the target population of 65,300 of the seven (7) blocks of the Mau Forest Complex, the Maasai Mau 21, Eastern Mau 14, Western Mau 17, Southern Mau 18, Southwest Mau 13, Trans Mara Region 25, and Mau Narok 26. Qualitative approach used focused group discussion and key informants. The 134 participants were picked through convenience sampling. Quantitative techniques used of questionnaires and data analysis. The clusters, snowball and purposive sampling were also used to select the participants of the study. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 through the descriptive and thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics generated in the form of frequencies and percentages used to summarize quantitative data and was presented in the tables of frequency distribution. The study concluded that there were measures to mitigate the effects of degradation including sustainable environmental practices and conflict reduction.
Determinants of Public Participation on Women's Leadership in Nyatike Sub County, Migori County, Kenya
(Tangaza University, 2024-10) MILLICENT DOROTHY KAJIMBA
This study investigates the determinants of public participation in women's leadership in Nyatike Sub County, Migori County, Kenya. It specifically examines the factors influencing women’s involvement in decision-making processes, assesses the impact of institutional policies on women's leadership, and evaluates the effectiveness of public participation mechanisms in enhancing women's leadership within the region. Guided by feminist, public administration, and participatory development theories, the research employed a mixed-methods design utilizing a convergent parallel approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population consisted of men and women leaders aged 18 years and above, with a sample size of 200 respondents selected through stratified random sampling for quantitative data and purposive sampling for qualitative insights. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides, with subsequent analysis performed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that socio-cultural factors, including traditional gender roles and family responsibilities, significantly impede women's participation in decision-making, affecting 55% of respondents. Institutional policies were shown to have limited effectiveness, as only 28% of participants recognized their role in promoting women's leadership. Moreover, public participation mechanisms were underutilized, with only 45% of respondents indicating meaningful engagement in decision-making processes. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and chi-square tests, indicated weak associations between gender distribution, monthly income, and institutional biases. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of sociocultural constraints and inadequate institutional support as significant barriers to women's leadership in Nyatike Sub County. To enhance women’s participation in leadership roles, the study recommends the implementation of gender sensitization programs aimed at challenging entrenched traditional norms, policy reforms to strengthen institutional frameworks, and the promotion of inclusive public participation initiatives to ensure women’s voices are meaningfully incorporated into decision-making processes. Additionally, the study advocates for further research to investigate additional factors influencing women’s leadership participation and to assess the long-term impact of the proposed interventions on women’s roles in leadership.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE FOR EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN KENYA: CASE OF MILIMANI LAW COURTS, NAIROBI
(Tangaza University, 2023-08) JOYCE LIRUNJIRO LUVUGA
This study aimed at finding out how effective Knowledge Management (KM) and governance could ease administration of justice in the Kenyan Judiciary (KJ), specifically in Milimani Law Courts. Serious organizations regard knowledge as a strategic resource. However, they may strategies, procedures, and policies to guide the management of their institutional knowledge. The study was guided by four specific objectives. First, it was to examine the current KM practices at the Milimani law courts. Second, it was to evaluate the current organizational culture at the Milimani law courts. Third, the study was to investigate the current knowledge governance mechanism at the Milimani Law Courts, and fourth, to suggest new guidelines, practices, procedures and mechanisms that Milimani Law Courts could adopt for more effective and efficient KM and governance. The research site was at Milimani Law Courts, KJ. A sample size of 124 participants was drawn from a population of five judges, ten magistrates, four registrars, ten advocates/Lawyers/prosecutors, 15 heads of departments and 8 relevant judiciary staff. The researcher adopted purposive sampling technique. Interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The questions comprised both open and closed ended ones. Secondary data was collected by reviewing empirical studies. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS while qualitative data used Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). The researcher first transcribed qualitative data collected from interviews using Microsoft Word software. This was followed by grouping/ categorizing similar responses into themes. Resulting themes were analyzed and discussed by the researcher and the supervisors. This was done in an interactive process until an agreement was reached on the final themes. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics. For presentation, tables and charts were used. On the issue of current KM practices, we found out that knowledge is captured during seminars/ training as well as through publications. Data on Knowledge is stored using software while others are archived in the library. On sharing, main method is through seminars and some informal settings. The study showed that the organizational culture at Milimani Law Court did not effectively support employees to create, store, and share their knowledge. Furthermore, results indicate that Milimani Law Courts did not have proper policies or guidelines on KM and governance. The study also found out that Milimani Law Court did not have knowledge governance mechanisms to support the judiciary knowledge. To enforce the KM and governance policy, it was proposed that the Judiciary-Milimani Law Courts could have a full-fledged department on KM and governance to manage judicial knowledge such as those of experienced staff, and retired judges. The findings suggest that advocacy ought to be done on developing sound guidelines and policy frameworks on KM and governance at the Kenyan judiciary, a view fully supported by the researcher as an insider.
CONTRIBUTION OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS TO FOOD SECURITY AMONG THE BAYAKA OF BELEMBOKE I AND BELEMBOKE IV IN NOLA, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
(2024-08) Yonlonfoun Ishola Anselme
Land and food security are crucial issues that impact people everywhere, but they are especially vital for indigenous communities around the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of land tenure systems to food security among the Bayaka of Belemboke I and Belemboke IV, in the Central African Republic. The study specific’s objectives were to assess land tenure systems’ contribution on food security, to appraise the impact of land tenure security on food security and, to identify a social transformational framework for land tenure systems and food security among the Bayaka of Belemboke I and Belemboke IV in Nola, Central African Republic. The study was anchored on Functional differentiation theory, "Zo kwe Zo" perspective, and Lockean proviso theory. Using an ethnological approach, 59 youth and adult participants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. Data collection methods used were interview guides, focus group discussions guide and observations guide. Triangulation ensured trustworthiness, and thematic analysis was used. In alignment with (SDG 15) Life on Land, (SDG 2) Zero Hunger, (SDG 16) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions and ILO Convention 169, the research revealed a strong connection between land tenure security and food security for the Bayaka, highlighting the importance of land rights for their sustenance and well-being. Private land ownership enhances FS despite communal resource changes. Disparities between villages, especially Belemboke I's stable LTS, foster community development despite encroachment and disputes. The findings highlight the interdependence of LTSs and FS, underscoring the need for collaborative approaches to address the complex challenges faced by indigenous communities. The outcome of the study could enhance land and food security for the Bayaka by improving sustainable cultural practices into innovative environmental conservation efforts.

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